In order to find out the prevalence of rot hoof disease in dairy cows in Wenxian County, Henan Province, 2 378 dairy cows were selected from 5 large-scale dairy farms and 16 free range farmers from 2018 to 2020.The prevalence of rot hoof disease was investigated,the causes were analyzed,and comprehensive prevention and control measures were proposed by visiting,checking archives and field observation.The results showed that the morbidity and mortality were 25.53% and 2.10%,respectively,and there was no significant difference between the three groups (P>0.05).There was no significant difference between summer and winter (P<0.05),but there was significant difference between spring and autumn (P<0.05).The death rate in winter was significantly higher than that in spring and autumn (P<0.05).There were significant differences in morbidity of 21.78% and 32.38% between large scale households and free range households (P<0.05),and their differences in mortality of 2.08% and 2.14% were not significant (P>0.05).