A large-scale dairy farm in China suffered an annual profit loss of up to 8 million RMB due to neglect of key reproductive indicators.This case highlights that reproductive efficiency has become a decisive factor affecting the economic benefits and sustainable development of dairy farms under intensive farming systems.This study focused on reproductive data from large-scale farms,systematically analyzing the calculation methods,influencing factors,and improvement strategies for key indicators such as 21-day pregnancy rate,breeding rate,conception rate,and 150-day non-pregnancy rate.Using real production data, practical application approaches are illustrated,and comprehensive improvement plans are proposed,including calibration of management software parameters,enhancing timeliness of estrus detection and pregnancy diagnosis,and optimizing synchronization protocols.The results showed that through in-depth interpretation and precise application of reproductive data,farms can fully grasp the reproductive status of the herd,significantly improve expansion efficiency,accelerate genetic progress,and optimize production benefits.Efficient management of reproductive data serves as a critical foundation for achieving refined operations and maximizing economic benefits in large-scale dairy farms.