Based on survey data from 109 dairy farms across 10 provinces in China,this report systematically analyzes the current situation,problems,and challenges regarding inflammation and pain management within the Chinese dairy farming industry. The results indicate that although 93.1% of the farms have established identification standards for inflammation and pain,issues persist. These include an imperfect identification system,reliance on singular detection methods,a production-oriented rather than welfare-oriented approach to pain management（“high pain score,low intervention”）,price-driven drug selection,irrational structure of veterinary drug budgets,incomplete record-keeping and evaluation systems,relatively low educational levels among veterinarians,and a fragmented training system. The report highlights significant deficiencies in pain management for key procedures such as calf dehorning,mastitis,and hoof diseases,with the phenomenon of "high pain score,low intervention"being particularly prominent.Based on these findings,the report proposes multiple recommendations concerning identification standards,detection technologies,drug application,budget management,and personnel training.These aim to promote the standardization,precision,and welfare-oriented improvement of dairy cow inflammation and pain management,thereby supporting the healthy and sustainable development of the dairy farming industry.