This study was based on field survey data from 17 large-scale dairy farms in the Yantai region in September 2024,systematically analyzing the short-term effects and recovery patterns of mandatory foot-and-mouth disease（type OA）vaccination on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. The results showed that within one week after vaccination, the estrus rate, breeding rate, and conception rate of dairy cows decreased by 14.3%, 9.8%, and 8.5%, respectively, while the abortion rate slightly increased. One month after vaccination, all reproductive indicators essentially returned to pre-vaccination levels.Vaccination stress, operational standardization, and vaccine adjuvants were identified as the main factors affecting reproductive performance. The study further found a positive correlation between the frequency of sanitary disinfection and the recovery speed of reproductive indicators post-vaccination. Based on these findings, optimization recommendations such as “group-based vaccination and staggered breeding”“enhanced nutrition and estrus monitoring”,and “establishing a comprehensive disinfection system” are proposed to mitigate the negative impact of vaccination on reproductive performance and improve the effectiveness of autumn foot-and-mouth disease prevention and dairy cow reproductive efficiency.