Mongolia is a country where animal husbandry serves as the primary economic sector,with dairy cattle being one of its key livestock breeds,and dairy products constituting a major part of the local diet. Over the past decade,Mongolia's dairy cow inventory has shown steady growth. The main processed dairy products include liquid milk (skimmed milk) and yogurt,with per capita apparent dairy consumption comparable to that of developed countries such as the United States and Germany,significantly exceeding the global average. In terms of trade,Mongolia is a net importer of dairy products,though its import volume remains relatively small. The primary imported categories are whole milk powder and skimmed milk powder,mainly sourced from Belarus,New Zealand,Russia,and Germany. Dairy trade cooperation between Mongolia and China has been limited,with Mongolia beginning to import a certain quantity of whole milk powder from China in 2022. Historically,China and Mongolia have maintained long-standing trade relations in livestock products. The two countries possess absolute geographical proximity and relative price competitiveness in dairy trade,indicating significant potential for future cooperation,particularly in whole milk powder and fresh milk.