Abstract: Heat stress not only leads to a decline in milk yield and milk quality of dairy cows, but also profoundly affects their production performance,resulting in losses to the industry. This paper analyzed the current status of heat stress in dairy cows, its assessment methods, its impact on lactation performance, and mitigation measures. Suggestions were provided to alleviate heat stress in dairy cows through genetic improvement,physical cooling, feeding management,and nutritional adjustment,with the aim of improving lactation performance and overall breeding efficiency.

Key words: dairy cows, heat stress, assessment, milk, public health