Abstract: With the rapid development of dairy farming methods,the scale,standardization, and mechanization of pastures continue to increase. China's peak milk production is not far from that developed countries,however,the peak milk production of first-born cows is the shortcoming of our country's pastures. As the backbone of the sustainable development of the pasture,the growth and development of calves will directly affect the overall production level of the pasture in the future. Affected by traditional breeding concepts,there are still some unscientific aspects in calf breeding,resulting in low calf survival rate,low daily gain,and high incidence of diseases,which seriously affects the breeding quality of reserve cattle. Through systematic research on the key links of calf breeding and related technical measures, the overall production level of the herd can be improved.

Key words: calves, survival rate, daily gain, intelligent feeding, comfortableness