Abstract: [Objective] Somatic cells are a core component of the dairy cow mammary gland immune system,and their quantity variation serves as a key indicator for assessing cow health status and raw milk quality. [Method] Based on the performance test data from a dairy farm in Tianjin between January 2024 and March 2025,this study systematically analyzed the correlation patterns between somatic cell count（SCC）and factors such as lactation stage,parity,and season. [Result] The somatic cell count showed a significant upward trend with increasing cow parity,with the proportion of cows in their third parity or higher exceeding 500 000/mL reaching 46.2%. The mean SCC during late lactation（121~150 days,296 000/mL）was significantly higher than during early lactation （within 30 days,192,000/mL）.Summer SCC（e.g.,reaching 410 000/mL in August 2024）was 10%~30% higher than in spring and autumn,and high SCC exhibited a significant negative correlation with milk yield（t-test,p=0.0024<0.05）.[Conclusion] This study,in conjunction with international and domestic SCC limit standards,thoroughly examines the causes and hazards of high SCC and proposes a multidimensional comprehensive prevention strategy encompassing disease control,environmental optimization,feeding management,and milking protocols. The findings provided technical support for improving raw milk quality and dairy cow health.

Key words: raw milk, somatic cell count（SCC）, cause analysis, prevention strategy, dairy quality