奶牛“吃的是草,挤出来的是奶”。和单胃动物相比,奶牛有4 个胃室,即瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃和皱胃;和非反刍家畜相比,奶牛瘤胃内不能分泌消化液,但含有大量的微生物和纤毛虫。奶牛具有这些消化系统结构和生理特点,决定了临床上牛消化系统疾病的错综复杂、多种多样,特别是瘤胃臌气、前胃弛缓、瓣胃阻塞等疾病严重危害奶牛生产。对奶牛常见消化系统疾病正确诊断,并采取针对性的防控措施,可有效降低养殖场（户）的损失。
Cows"eat grass, squeeze out milk."Compared with monogastric animals,cattle have four stomach chambers, namely rumen,reticulum,Omasum and abomasum;compared with non ruminant animals,the rumen of cattle can not secrete digestive juice,but contains a large number of microorganisms and ciliates.Because of the structural and physiological characteristics of bovine digestive system,the clinical diseases of bovine digestive system are complex and varied,especially rumen heave,forestomach relaxation and omasum obstruction,which seriously endanger dairy production.Correct diagnosis of common digestive system diseases of dairy cows and taking targeted prevention and control measures can effectively reduce the loss of farmers.
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