奶牛良种是奶业生产的基础,本文综述了奶牛种业发展的历史脉络、国内外荷斯坦牛育种历程。荷斯坦牛在世界大多数国家的奶业生产中都占有主导地位。1985年,我国培育成功“中国荷斯坦牛”品种,目前已初步构建了遗传改良技术体系,性能测定规模不断扩大,基因组选择技术得到应用,优秀种牛自主培育技术体系不断完善。“十四五”期间将实施新一轮全国奶牛遗传改良计划（2021—2035年）,提升我国奶牛核心种源的自主供种能力。
Excellent germplasm is the foundation for dairy industry.We herein summarized the historically developmental profile and experience of dairy cattle breeding in China and abroad,in which Holstein is the most dominant dairy breed.Chinese Holstein was successfully cultivated in 1985,so far,the genetic improvement technology system has been established,including the sustained enlargement of performance testing scale,application of genomic selection technology and development of independent cultivation system for excellent breeding bulls. During China's 14th Five Year Plan,the National Genetic and Improvement Plan for Dairy Cattle (from 2021 to 2035) will be carried out to promote our independent breeding ability of core germplasm for dairy cattle in China.
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