中国乳业 ›› 2025, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (3): 84-91.doi: 10.12377/1671-4393.25.03.14

• 质量安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

生牛乳中芽孢杆菌形态变化规律及污染影响因素分析

刘玉茹1, 李欣怡1, 华晓巍1, 张丙辉1, 陈晓民2, 张可心3, 张德喜3,*   

  1. 1蒙牛乳业（齐齐哈尔）有限公司,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161000;
    2蒙牛乳业（尚志）有限责任公司,黑龙江哈尔滨 150600;
    3蒙牛乳业（沈阳）有限责任公司,辽宁沈阳 100122
  • 发布日期:2025-03-31
  • 作者简介:刘玉茹（1982-）,女,内蒙古赤峰人,本科,中级工程师,研究方向为食品加工与检验;李欣怡（2000-）,女,黑龙江哈尔滨人,本科,研究方向为乳品工程;华晓巍（1983-）,男,吉林吉林人,本科,研究方向为食品加工与检验;张丙辉（1983-）,男,河北沧州人,本科,工程师,研究方向为食品加工与检验;陈晓民（1980-）,男,黑龙江大庆人,本科,研究方向为食品加工与检验;张可心（1992-）,女,辽宁阜新人,蒙古族,本科,研究方向为食品科学与工程。

Analysis of the Law of Morphological Changes of Bacillus Cereus in Raw Milk and the Factors of Contamination

LIU Yuru1, LI Xinyi1, HUA Xiaowei1, ZHANG Binghui1, CHEN Xiaomin2, ZHANG Kexin3, ZHANG Dexi3,*   

  1. 1Mengniu Dairy（Qiqihar） Co.,Ltd.,Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161000;
    2Mengniu Dairy（Shangzhi） Co.,Ltd.,Harbin Heilongjiang 150600;
    3Mengniu Dairy（Shenyang） Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang Liaoning 100122
  • Published:2025-03-31

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摘要： [目的]探究生牛乳受芽孢杆菌属污染的影响因素,分析芽孢杆菌存在不同形态的原因。[方法]采用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪（MALDI-TOF-MS）测定生牛乳中芽孢杆菌的种类。[结果]本研究共分离出8 株短芽孢杆菌属、2 株类芽孢杆菌属,其中未邀短芽孢杆菌存在2 种菌落与菌体形态,长杆或细丝形态属于未邀短芽孢杆菌的特殊形态。[结论]菌落形态随传代次数与培养时间延长呈规律性变化,菌体形态无明显规律。芽孢杆菌污染的主要因素与奶牛卧床、挤奶人员手部、擦拭乳区毛巾及设备等消杀有关。本研究为芽孢杆菌防控提供新的形态学见解,为相关防控提供理论依据。

关键词: 芽孢杆菌, 形态变化, 生牛乳, 基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱仪（MALDI-TOF-MS）

Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the influencing factors of Bacillus contamination in raw milk and analyze the reasons for the different forms of Bacillus.[Method] The species of Bacillus in raw milk were determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry（MALDI-TOF-MS）.[Result] In this study, 8 strains of Brevibacillus and 2 strains of Paenibacillus were isolated,among which there were 2 types of colony and morphology of Brevibacillus invocatus,and the long rod or filamentous form belonged to the special morphology of Brevibacillus invocatus.[Conclusion] The morphology of colonies changed regularly with the passage times and culture time,but there was no obvious pattern. The main factors of Bacillus contamination were related to the disinfection of cow bed,milkers’hands,wiping towels and equipments in the milk area. This study provided new morphological insights for the prevention and control of Bacillus and provided theoretical basis for related prevention and control.

Key words: Bacillus, morphological change, raw milk, MALDI-TOF-MS

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