关键词: 规模化, 饲料结构, 养殖效益, 奶业产区

Abstract: In the context of the continuous improvement of the scale of dairy farming,the increasing cost of breeding,and the obvious differences between regions,feed is the main input for dairy farming. Understanding its structure in scale ranches pastures is important for optimizing dairy cow rations and reducing breeding costs. It is of great significance to narrow the gap in breeding benefits between regions. This article uses the monthly survey data of scale ranches from 2018 to 2020 to analyze the feed structure of scale ranches in China. The study found that the ratio of precision to roughness in production areas around large cities and southern production areas is relatively more scientific,and there is still a big improvement in North China production areas. In addition,corn,soybean meal,corn silage and alfalfa accounted for a large proportion of the diet,reaching 84.62%. There was a significant gap in the diet structure of dairy cows in different production areas. Corn silage and alfalfa accounted for the highest proportion in the northwest production area. The corn and soybean accounts for the highest proportion in the southern producing areas. The research results show that focusing on regional advantages and increasing the use of high-quality roughage and alternative feed will help reduce breeding costs and improve the scientific and sustainable breeding.

Key words: scale ranches, feed structure, farming benefits, dairy production area