中国乳业 ›› 2021, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (7): 32-38.doi: 10.12377/1671-4393.21.07.06

• 饲养管理 • 上一篇    下一篇

2020年国内18 省份不同月份奶牛繁殖和产奶性能表现研究

徐伟1, 董飞1, 张赛赛1, 姜兴刚2, 任德全3, 马志愤1,4,*   

  1. 1 一牧科技(北京)有限公司,北京 100016;
    2 黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧兽医分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161005;
    3 呼伦贝尔市海拉尔区畜牧工作站,内蒙古呼伦贝尔 021008;
    4 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京 100193
  • 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-08-10
  • 通讯作者: *马志愤(1981-),男,甘肃靖远人,博士,研究方向为草地农业,智慧牧场。
  • 作者简介:徐 伟(1991-),男,安徽太和人,硕士,研究方向为分子数量遗传学;董 飞(1989-),男,山西定襄人,硕士,研发副总,研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖;张赛赛(1989-),男,山东临朐人,硕士,研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖;姜兴刚(1979-),男,山东台前人,硕士,中级,研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖;任德全(1987-),男,河北沧州人,本科,畜牧师,研究方向为家畜品种改良。

Research on Dairy Cow Reproduction and Milk Production Performance in different months from 18 provinces of China in 2020

XU Wei1, DONG Fei1, ZHANG Saisai1, JIANG Xinggang2, REN Dequan3, MA Zhifen1,4,*   

  1. 1EYIMU Science and Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100016;
    2Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar; Heilongjiang 161005;
    3Animal Husbandry Station of Hailar District of Hulun Buir, Hulun Buir Inner Mongolia 021008;
    4Beijing Institute of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
  • Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-08-10

摘要: 通过对全国2020年18 个省份201 个规模奶牛场月度繁殖和产奶量数据进行分析,旨在确定不同月份下奶牛繁殖和产奶性能表现。结果表明:(1)5—6月成母牛受胎率、怀孕率开始下降,7、8月明显下降,9月仍较低,其中7—9月,2胎、3胎及以上牛只受胎率明显低于1胎(平均低4.3~5.1 个百分点);(2)1—12月后备牛怀孕率、受胎率相对稳定,6—8月未出现明显下降趋势;(3)泌乳牛单产在6月之后呈缓慢下降趋势,平均下降0.50~0.90 kg,泌乳牛峰值产量在6月之后呈较明显下降趋势,其中经产牛下降幅度较大,头胎牛下降幅度较小。因此,为减少奶牛受不同月份热应激影响而导致生产性能下降,建议不同地区奶牛场根据实际情况做好防暑降温工作,优化配种方案,改善营养与饲养管理。

关键词: 奶牛, 受胎率, 单产, 温度, 热应激

Abstract: The objectives of current study were to ensure the performance of dairy cow reproduction and milk production in different months,by analyzing 201 scaled dairy farms' monthly reproduction and production data from 18 provinces of China in 2020.Results showed that: (1) Cows' conception rate and pregnancy rate began to decline in May and June,decreased significantly in July and August,but remained low in September. From July to September, second and more than second parity cows'conception rate was significantly lower than first parity (average 4.3 to 5.1 percentage points lower);(2) Heifers' pregnancy rate and conception rate were relatively stable within 12 months,and no significant decrease from June to August;(3) After June,lactating cows' yield decreased slowly with an average around 0.50 to 0.90 kg,peak yield decreased obviously after June.Peak yield was largely decline in multiparous cows and less decline in primiparous cows.Therefore, in order to reduce the influence of heat stress on dairy cows' production performance in different months and improve the production performance of dairy cows,it is suggested that the dairy farms in different areas should take measures to prevent heat stress,optimize breeding program and improve nutrition and feeding management.

Key words: dairy cow, conception rate, milk yield, temperature, heat stress

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