关键词: 奶牛围产期, 日粮搭配, 环境管理, 分群管理, 疾病预防

Abstract: The perinatal period of dairy cows refers to the period within 21 days before and after delivery. Before and after delivery,the physiological function and metabolic response of dairy cows have also changed greatly. The level of perinatal management not only affects the body condition of cows,but also affects the health of calves. When the level of feeding and management is low,cows are prone to endocrine disorders before delivery,and excessive physical consumption during delivery will also aggravate the stress response and pain of cows,resulting in poor recovery of reproductive organs,decreased lactation,and secondary diseases such as ketosis, milk fever or mastitis,which will affect the health of cows after delivery and subsequent delivery. Calves will also suffer from problems such as decreased immunity and gastrointestinal dysfunction due to insufficient colostrum sucking. Firstly,this paper introduced the characteristics of nutrition,metabolism and tissue and organ development of perinatal dairy cows,and put forward suggestions from four aspects：diet matching,environmental management,cluster management and disease prevention,so as to provide reference for the scientific management of dairy cows in perinatal period.

Key words: cow perinatal period, ration matching, environmental management, cluster management, disease prevention