母子分离人工哺乳技术对奶山羊羔羊成活率影响的研究

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.22.10.03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]为提高奶山羊羊羔成活率，降低奶山羊母子间疾病的传播，开展奶山羊羊羔0日龄母子分离人工哺乳技术的试验研究，探索提高羔羊成活率的技术方法。[方法]选取同一批次同期发情产后0日龄羔羊（2批次）随机分为3 组，对照组、试验1组和试验2组，对照组羊羔自然哺乳，母仔一起生活;试验1组、试验2组羔羊产后吃足一次初乳后母子分离，进入羔羊专业哺乳圈舍人工哺乳，母羊饲喂方法相同，统计分析羔羊、母羊成活率和发病数据。[结果]①试验1组和试验2组的羔羊口疮发病率较对照组下降22.12 个百分点和21.45 个百分点，与对照组差异显著（p<0.05），2 个试验组间差异不显著（p>0.05）;试验1组和试验2组的肠炎发病率较对照组下降7.29 个百分点和7.95 个百分点，与对照组差异显著（p<0.05），2 个试验组间差异不显著（p>0.05）;试验1组和试验2组的感冒/肺炎发病率较对照组分别下将1.29 个百分点和1.96 个百分点，与对照组差异不显著（p>0.05）。②试验1组、试验2组1月龄羔羊发病率较对照组分别下降20.09 个百分点和21.42 个百分点，死亡率较对照组分别下降13.53 个百分点和13.70 个百分点，发病率和死亡率较对照组差异显著（p<0.05），2 个试验组间差异不显著（p>0.05）;试验1组、试验2组病死率较对照组分别下降17.15 个百分点、12.67 个百分点，较对照组差异显著（p<0.05），2 个试验组病死率差异不显著（p>0.05）。③试验1组、试验2组的母羊口疮发率率较对照组分别下降了16.98 个百分点和16.64 个百分点，差异显著（p<0.05），2 个试验组间差异不显著（p>0.05）;试验1组、试验2组母羊的乳房炎发病率分别下降了20.76 个百分点和19.05 个百分点，较对照组差异显著（p<0.05），2 个试验组间差异不显著（p>0.05）;试验1组、试验2组的总发病率较对照组分别下降了18.87 个百分点和16.31 个百分点，差异显著（p<0.05），2 个试验组的总发病率差异不显著（p>0.05）。[结论]奶山羊母子分离人工哺乳技术显著降低了羔羊发病率和死亡率率，同时显著降低了母羊口疮和乳房炎的发病率，提高了羔羊成活率，可在生产中广泛推广应用。

关键词: 母子分离, 人工哺乳技术, 奶山羊, 羔羊成活率

Abstract: [Objective]To improve the survival rate of dairy goat lambs and reduce the spread of diseases between ewes and lambs，this study was conducted to explore the technical methods to improve the survival rate of dairy goat lambs by artificial suckling technology of maternal deprivation at the age of 0 days. [Method]In this study，0-day-old lambs （2 batches） after estrus at the same time were randomly divided into 3 groups，the control group，test 1，and test 2 groups. The control group lambs were nursed naturally，and the ewe and the lambs lived together. The test group lambs were maternally deprived after they had enough colostrum once after giving birth，and entered the professional nursing pen for lambs to nurse artificially， the ewes were fed with the same method， the survival rate and morbidity data of lambs and ewes were statistically analyzed. [Result]The results are as follows：（1）The incidence of lambs contagiousecthyma in test 1 and test 2 groups decreased by 22.12 percentage point and 21.45 percentage point compared with the control group（p<0.05），the incidence of enteritis in test 1 and test 2 groups decreased by 7.29 percentage point and 7.95 percentage point respectively（p>0.05），the incidence of cold/pneumonia in test 1 group decreased by 1.29 percentage point and 1.96 percentage point compared with the control group（p<0.05）.（2）Compared with the control group，the morbidity rate of 1-month-old lambs in test 1 and test 2 groups decreased by 20.09 percentage point and 21.42 percentage point respectively and the mortality rate decreased by 13.53 percentage point and 13.70 percentage point respectively（p<0.05）. The difference between the control group and test groups was significant，and there was no significant difference among the test groups，the morbidity and mortality rates in test 1 and test 2 groups decreased by 17.15 percentage point and 12.67 percentage point （p<0.05）respectively，with significant differences compared with the control group（p>0.05）.（3）The incidence of contagiousecthyma of ewes in test 1 and test 2 groups decreased by 16.98 percentage point and 16.64 percentage point respectively（p<0.05）， the difference was significant compared with the control group. The incidence of mastitis in test 1 and test 2 groups decreased by 20.76 percentage point and 19.05 percentage point （p<0.05），with a significant difference compared with the control group， and there was no significant difference in the incidence of thrush and mastitis between the two test groups，the total incidence of test 1 and test 2 groups decreased by 18.87 percentage point and 16.31 percentage point respectively compared with the control group（p<0.05），with a significant difference（p>0.05）. [Conclusion]The total incident of the two test groups was with no significant difference，the artificial suckling technology of maternal deprivation at 0-day-old significantly reduces the morbidity and mortality of lambs and improves the survival rate of lambs，which can be widely applied in production.

Key words: mother and child separated, artificial lactation technology, dairy goat, the survival rate of lamb

李瑞香, 韩力康, 吴锋. 母子分离人工哺乳技术对奶山羊羔羊成活率影响的研究[J]. 中国乳业, 2022, 0(10): 15-20.

LI Ruixiang, HAN Likang, WU Feng. Study on the Effect of Artificial Suckling Technology of Dairy Goat Mother-child Separation on the Survival Rate of Lamb[J]. China Dairy, 2022, 0(10): 15-20.

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