关键词: 奶牛场, 设施装备, 应用现状

Abstract: To understand the present situation of the application of facilities and equipment in large-scale dairy farms in China,a questionnaire was used to investigate the facilities and equipment of 193 large-scale dairy farms in 10 provinces in China,such as feeding,milking, environmental control,and fecal treatment. TMR mixers and mechanized milking were used in 100% of the farms surveyed,but the brands of TMR mixers and milking equipment were mainly imported,and the core components of domestic brands with high market share depended on imports （27.7%）.Forklift removal is the most important way to remove feces（46.6%）, followed by scraping board （38.9%）,suction truck （26.9%）,and less manual cleaning （7.3%）. The application of spray or spray cooling systems accounts for the majority of pastures,but the proportion of application is different in different regions. The proportion of applications is relatively small in Shanxi and Xinjiang,and the highest in Hebei （about 90.0%）,followed by Tianjin and Heilongjiang. At the same time,the survey also found the following three problems： the number of domestic facilities and equipment production enterprises is large,but the market share is low,and the core components are dependent on imports; the subsidies for the purchase of new,high-performance and intelligent products are insufficient,and the enthusiasm of large-scale aquaculture enterprises to participate in agricultural machinery subsidies is not high; the demand for facilities and equipment in breeding farms is mainly affected by the demonstration effect,so it is difficult to popularize advanced breeding facilities. Therefore,it is suggested that we should actively promote the innovative research and development of dairy cow breeding machinery,shorten the distance with the developed countries,strengthen the appraisal of advanced machinery and equipment,and improve the coverage of subsidies for the purchase of breeding machinery,strengthen the promotion and application of advanced breeding machinery and technical models to promote the development process of mechanization of the dairy farming industry.

Key words: dairy farm, facilities and equipment, application status