核心牛群繁育策略的研究进展

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.26.08.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 核心牛群作为种畜禽繁育体系的顶层,其繁育策略的优化对提升遗传改良效率、维持群体遗传多样性及保障长期育种经济效益具有重要意义。近年来,随着基因组选择、精准繁殖管理及新兴生物技术的快速发展,核心牛群繁育策略的研究取得了显著进展。然而,当前仍面临遗传评估模型日趋复杂、选种选配方案的动态优化、繁殖效率与遗传进展的平衡等关键挑战。本文系统梳理了核心牛群的内涵与功能定位,综述了遗传评估技术、选种选配方法、繁殖管理技术及生物技术应用等方面的最新研究进展,并结合国内外实践案例,分析现有策略的局限性及未来优化方向,旨在为现代奶牛和肉牛育种实践提供系统的理论参考与技术支撑。

关键词: 核心牛群, 繁育策略, 遗传评估, 选种选配, 繁殖管理, 生物技术

Abstract: As the highest tier in the breeding and multiplication system for breeding livestock,the optimization of breeding strategies for nucleus herds is of decisive significance for improving the efficiency of genetic improvement,maintaining population genetic diversity,and ensuring long-term economic benefits in breeding. In recent years,with the rapid development of genomic selection, precision reproductive management,and emerging biotechnologies,significant progress has been made in the research on breeding strategies for nucleus herds. However,key challenges remain, including the increasing complexity of genetic evaluation models,the dynamic optimization of selection and mating schemes,and the balance between reproductive efficiency and genetic progress. This paper systematically reviewed the definition and functional positioning of nucleus herds,summarized the latest research advances in genetic evaluation technologies,selection and mating method,reproductive management technologies,and biotechnological applications. Furthermore,drawing on practical cases from both domestic and international contexts,it analyzed the limitations of current strategies and proposed future directions for optimization. This review aimed to provide systematic theoretical references and technical support for modern dairy and beef cattle breeding practices.

Key words: core herd, breeding strategy, genetic evaluation, selection and mating, reproductive management, biotechnology

张伟玺, 朱化彬. 核心牛群繁育策略的研究进展[J]. 中国乳业, 2026, 0(8): 2-10.

ZHANG Weixi, ZHU Huabin. Research Progress in Core Cow Herd Breeding Strategies[J]. China Dairy, 2026, 0(8): 2-10.

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