奶牛产后阶段是奶牛饲养管理中最关键的时期。在此期间,由于奶牛分娩后,生理代谢发生了重大变化,如果不及时做好产后护理,或使用了错误的护理方法,容易发生奶牛产科疾病如胎衣不下、子宫脱垂和代谢类疾病如产后瘫痪、酮病等。本文从诊断要点、治疗措施、预防控制等方面,对以上疾病进行了比较系统的梳理总结,以期为广大奶牛养殖场（户）提供一些帮助。
The postpartum stage of dairy cows is the most critical period in dairy cattle feeding and management. During this period,due to the significant changes in the physiological metabolism of dairy cows after delivery if postpartum care is not done in time,or the wrong nursing methods are used,the obstetric diseases of dairy cows such as stillbirth,uterine prolapse and metabolic diseases such as postpartum paralysis and ketosis will follow one after another. This paper systematically combs and summarizes the above diseases from the aspects of diagnosis,treatment measures,prevention and control,in order to provide some help for the majority of dairy farms（households）.
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