蚯蚓生物堆肥作为一种新型的堆肥方式为规模化奶牛养殖场粪污处理提供了新的途径。我国已出台多项相关政策,为奶牛粪蚯蚓生物堆肥技术发展推广提供了良好条件。奶牛粪经蚯蚓过腹处理得到的蚯蚓粪和蚯蚓均具有较好的利用前景。本文以1 000 头规模化奶牛养殖场为例,设计了该技术模式的一般工艺流程,并对该模式下的经济效益、环境和社会效益进行了分析,以期为奶牛粪蚯蚓生物堆肥技术模式推广提供依据。
As a new type of composting method,earthworm biological composting shows great development potential,provides a new way for large-scale dairy farms to treat cow manure. The government has issued a number of relevant policies,which provide good conditions for the development and promotion of dairy cow dung earthworm biological composting technology. The worm feces and earthworms obtained by the treatment of cow dung through the abdomen of earthworms all have good prospects for utilization. This paper takes a 1 000-head dairy farm as an example to design the general process flow of this technology model and the economics of this model. Benefits,environmental and social benefits were analyzed, in order to provide a basis for the promotion of the technology model of dairy cow manure and earthworm biological composting.
[1] 国家统计局. 2020中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社,2020.
[2] Stewart A.The earth moved:on the remarkable achievements of earthworms[M]. North Carolina:Algonquin Books,2005.
[3] Aynehband A,Gorooei A,Moezzi A A.Vermicompost:An eco-friendly technology for crop residue management in organic agriculture[J]. Energy Procedia,2017,141:667-671.
[4] Luo S,Wei R,Qi Z,et al.Dataset of cow manure by earthworm bio-composting process[J]. Data in Brief,2021,36:106966.
[5] 程鹏. 北京地区典型奶牛场污染物排泄系数的测算:[硕士论文][D]. 北京:中国农业科学院,2008.
[6] 张正旺. 蚯蚓对奶牛粪物质转化与温室气体排放影响研究:[硕士论文][D]. 合肥:安徽农业大学,2015.
[7] Usmani Z,Kumar V,Rani R,et al.Changes in physico-chemical, microbiological and biochemical parameters during composting and vermicomposting of coal fly ash:a comparative study[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2018,16(3): 1-18.
[8] 赵海涛,狄霖,刘平,等. 蚯蚓生物床工程处理对牛粪性质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2011,27(9):255-259.
[9] 柏彦超,周雄飞,汪孙军,等. 牛粪经蚯蚓消解前后理化性质的比较研究[J]. 江西农业学报,2010,22(10):135-137.
[10] 缪丽娟,张炜文,王峰,等. 牛粪及其蚓粪基本理化性状及重金属形态分布差异[J]. 杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2020,19(5):488-495.
[11] 刘一凡,杨丽娟,王红,等. 蚯蚓粪肥在农业生产中的应用效果及研究进展[J]. 土壤通报. 2021,52(2):474-484.
[12] Huang C,Ge Y,Yue S,et al.Microplastics aggravate the joint toxicity to earthworm Eisenia fetida with cadmium by altering its availability[J]. Science of The Total Environment,2020,753: 142042.
[13] 刘大伟,陈井生,王芳,等. 蚯蚓粪在农业生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 湖北农业科学,2019,58(14):8-11.
