以奶牛生产性能测定（DHI）工作为基础,为进一步科学有效地加强牛群管理,充分发挥牛群的生产潜力,进而提高牧场经济效益,本文对新疆维吾尔族自治区昌吉回族自治州某牧场2021年1—12月4 798 条DHI数据进行统计,分析该牧场牛群结构、胎次、乳成分、体细胞数等指标,根据指标判定牛只及牛群实际情况,针对具体问题提出切实有效的管理措施。结果显示,该牧场12 个月的平均胎次2.25 胎,日均产奶量为27.98 kg,高峰奶平均为37.78 kg,高峰奶日平均为101.41 天,305 天产奶量平均为8 883.09 kg,乳脂率平均为3.38%,乳蛋白率平均为3.16%,脂蛋比平均为1.07,体细胞数平均为1.707 万个/mL,尿素氮平均为14.3 mg/dL,泌乳天数平均为212.27 天。结果表明,该牧场2.5 胎次以上牛只所占比例明显偏低,牛群结构合理化欠缺,脂蛋比偏低,高峰日延后,有潜在奶损失,还需进一步优化牛群结构,加强产犊管理,调整日粮结构,缩短高峰日,提高脂蛋比,并使其保持在合理范围。

Based on the dairy herd improvement,in order to further strengthen the management of herds scientifically and effectively,give full play to the production potential of herds,and then improve the economic benefits of pastures,this article counted 4 798 dairy herd improvement（DHI）data of a pasture in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January to December 2021,the indexes of herd structure,parity,milk composition and somatic cells were analyzed,and the actual situation of cows and herds was determined according to the indexes,and effective management measures were put forward for specific problems. The results showed that the 12-month average of the field, included average parity 2.25,milk yield 27.98 kg,peak milk 37.78 kg,peak milk day 101.41 d,305 days milk yield 8 883.09 kg,milk fat rate 3.38%,milk protein rate 3.16%,fat-protein ratio 1.07,somatic cell count 1.707 ×105permL,urea nitrogen 14.3 mg/dl,average lactation days 212.27 d. The results showed that the proportion of cows with more than 2.5 parities was obviously low,the structure of cows was not reasonable,the fat-protein ratio was low,and the potential milk loss was delayed after the peak day. It is necessary to further optimize the herd structure,strengthen calving management,adjust the daily grain structure,shorten the peak days,improve the fat-protein ratio and keep it in a reasonable range.