关键词: 新疆, 奶牛, 奶牛生产性能测定（DHI）, 分析

Abstract: Based on the dairy herd improvement,in order to further strengthen the management of herds scientifically and effectively,give full play to the production potential of herds,and then improve the economic benefits of pastures,this article counted 4 798 dairy herd improvement（DHI）data of a pasture in Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January to December 2021,the indexes of herd structure,parity,milk composition and somatic cells were analyzed,and the actual situation of cows and herds was determined according to the indexes,and effective management measures were put forward for specific problems. The results showed that the 12-month average of the field, included average parity 2.25,milk yield 27.98 kg,peak milk 37.78 kg,peak milk day 101.41 d,305 days milk yield 8 883.09 kg,milk fat rate 3.38%,milk protein rate 3.16%,fat-protein ratio 1.07,somatic cell count 1.707 ×105permL,urea nitrogen 14.3 mg/dl,average lactation days 212.27 d. The results showed that the proportion of cows with more than 2.5 parities was obviously low,the structure of cows was not reasonable,the fat-protein ratio was low,and the potential milk loss was delayed after the peak day. It is necessary to further optimize the herd structure,strengthen calving management,adjust the daily grain structure,shorten the peak days,improve the fat-protein ratio and keep it in a reasonable range.

Key words: Xinjiang, dairy cow, dairy herd improvement, analysis