胎衣滞留是奶牛常见的代谢性疾病,对奶牛健康和奶牛场生产的影响较大。本文以南方某规模奶牛场2021年1—12月分娩的牛群数据为基础,从不同月份、干奶天数、妊娠天数、围产天数、围产牛体况等方面研究了该奶牛场胎衣滞留的发病规律。结果显示：该奶牛场热应激期间,胎衣滞留率大幅增加;头胎牛的胎衣滞留率低于经产牛,并且胎次越高胎衣滞留率越高;干奶天数不足,胎衣滞留率会明显增加;妊娠天数越短,胎衣滞留率越高;围产天数越少,胎衣滞留率越高;围产牛体况评分过低或过高,胎衣滞留率都会增加;青年牛投产月龄增加,胎衣滞留率也明显增加;母牛产公犊时的胎衣滞留率高于母犊;出现难产时胎衣滞留率增加,奶牛胎位不正、怀双胎、死胎等牛的胎衣滞留率较高,而胎儿初生重的高低没有显著地影响胎衣滞留率。
Retained fetal membranes（RFM）in dairy cows is a common metabolic disease in dairy farms,which has a great impact on cows’ health and production. This article was based on the data from January to December 2021 in a large-scale dairyfarm in the south. Research on patterns of RFM from different months,dry perioddays,gestation days,perinatal days,transition cows’ body condition and so on. The results showed that：RFM increased significantly during the heat stress period;RFM increased when parity increased;RFM increased when dry period days insufficient;RFM increased when gestational days decreased;RFM increased when transition days decreased;RFM increased both when transition cows’ body conditions core was low or high;RFM increased significantly with the calving age of heifers increasing;RFM of cows giving birth of male was higher than female;RFM increased when dystocia occurred,and the cows with fetal dystocia such as malposition,twin and stillbirth have higher rate,but the weight of calves had no effect on RFM.
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