骆驼兼有役、肉、毛、乳等多种用途,不仅是游牧民族文化的独特象征,也是荒漠半荒漠经济可持续发展的助力。骆驼乳中的乳蛋白、长链脂肪酸含量高于牛乳,不含有过敏原β-乳球蛋白,乳糖含量低于牛乳,多数活性营养成分高于牛乳、羊乳等动物乳制品,可作为替代牛乳、羊乳的绿色营养乳进行开发。为促进骆驼乳的研究和利用,本文从乳产量、物理指标和化学指标对骆驼乳进行探讨,分析了骆驼乳的乳蛋白、乳脂肪、乳糖等营养成分及其营养价值,供同行交流参考。
Camels have various uses such as service,meat,hair,milk and so on.They are not only the unique symbol of nomadic culture,but also the help for the sustainable development of desert and semi-desert economy. Camel milk has higher milk protein and long-chain fatty acid content than cow milk,and does not contain the allergen β-lactoglobulin. The lactose content of camel milk is lower than cow milk. Most nutrients of camel milk are higher than cow milk,goat milk and other animal dairy products,so it can be developed as a green nutritional milk to replace cow milk and goat milk. In order to promote the research and utilization of camel milk,camel milk was studied from the aspects of milk yield,physical and chemical indexes,and its nutritional components such as milk protein,milk fat and lactose and their nutritional value were analyzed.
[1] 萨仁图娅,斯仁达来,付龙霞,等.中国双峰驼种质资源保护调查研究[J].中国草食动物科学,2015,35(6):62-65,78.
[2] 哈尔阿力·沙布尔,阿扎提·祖力皮卡尔,加孜拉·我克那义.骆驼乳制品及其产业化[J].中国动物保健,2011,13(8):62-66.
[3] 郭建功. 苏尼特驼乳营养成分与活性物质功能研究:[硕士论文][D].内蒙古农业大学,2009.
[4] 郭军,郭灵芝,金霞,等.双峰驼乳成分及其指纹特征研究现状和前景[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2015,36(2):65-71.
[5] 江宝塔·穆哈德斯,杨志,贾舒安,等.骆驼乳研究进展[J].中国奶牛,2021(2):39-44.
[6] 赵电波. 内蒙古阿拉善双峰驼驼乳化学组成及理化性质研究:[硕士论文][D].内蒙古农业大学,2006.
[7] 黄啟雪,邢智洋,张梦璐,等.牛乳脂肪球粒径研究进展[J].乳业科学与技术,2020,43(4):47-51.
[8] Tanaka K,Hosozawa M,Kudo N,et al.The pilot study:sphingomyelin-fortified milk has a positive association with the neurobehavioural development of very low birth weight infants during infancy,randomized control trial[J]. Brain and Development,2013,35(1):45-52.
[9] 李宏军,任健,张宗岩.牛乳的pH值和酸度[J].中国乳品工业,1998(4):18-20.
[10] Mario R,Giuseppe A M,SergioR,et al. Camel milk:a possible alternative to infant formulas for patients with allergy to cow milk proteins[J]. Digestive and Liver Disease,2014,46(S3):e116.
[11] 吉日木图. 双峰家驼与野驼分子进化及驼乳理化特性研究:[博士论文][D].内蒙古农业大学,2006.
[12] 李四化,潘丽娜,蒋怡乐,等.人乳生物化学组成及其特性分析[J].中国乳业,2019(4):98-103.
[13] 郭倩颖,赵世隆,王勃诗,等.高学历产妇产后不同阶段母乳成分及喂养方式变化的随访[J].中国生育健康杂志,2017,28(1):6-9.
[14] 石雪晨,印伯星,孟茜,等.骆驼乳生物资源与营养价值[J].乳业科学与技术,2014,37(4):22-26.
[15] 陆东林,刘朋龙,徐敏,罗晓红.驼乳的化学成分和营养特点[J].新疆畜牧业,2014(2):10-12.
[16] 伍佰鑫,龙云,罗阳,等.骆驼乳蛋白肽抗氧化应激研究[J].中国乳业,2019(4):93-95.
[17] 乌恩吉雅,马雪妮,杜冬华,等.骆驼乳清蛋白对热应激所致大鼠肝氧化损伤的保护作用[J].畜牧兽医学报,2021,52(9):2642-2649.
[18] 乌恩吉雅,杜冬华,马雪妮,等.骆驼乳清蛋白对热应激大鼠肝脏炎症及高迁移率族蛋白B1/Toll样受体4/核转录因子-κB信号通路的调节[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(10):5809-5816.
[19] 白路平,乔向宇,海勒,等.骆驼乳对慢性酒精性肝损伤小鼠肠道菌群的影响[J].中国食品学报,2022,22(1):78-87.
[20] 王艳明,妮尕热·阿布都外力,迪娜热尔·迪力达西,等.驼乳源益生菌对db/db鼠肠道菌群的调节作用[J].中国微生态学杂志,2019,31(12):1365-1371.
[21] 王学清,蒋新月,杨洁.新疆双峰驼乳脂肪酸化学成分的GC/MS分析[J].中国乳品工业,2014,42(1):11-12,17.
[22] 李磊,王昆,何静,等.驼、牛、羊乳中脂肪酸含量的比较分析[J].食品科学,2019,40(6):223-227.
[23] Wernery U.Camel milk,the white gold of the desert[J].Journal of Camel Practice and Research,2006,13(1):15-26.
[24] 吴尚仪,李乳姝,石佳鑫,等.乳清蛋白及其生物活性肽调节血糖功能研究进展[J].食品科学,2020,41(3):266-271.
[25] Brody E P.Biological activities of bovine glycomacropeptide[J]. The British Journal of Nutrition,2000,84(Suppl I):39-46.
[26] 何静,高婉婷,明亮,等.驼乳对Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠的糖脂代谢及胰岛素抵抗的影响[J].中国食品学报,2019,19(3):115-120.
[27] 刘宸,冯鑫欢,豆智华,等.新疆双峰驼乳对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病小鼠肝脏的保护作用[J].食品科学,2020,41(9):74-80.
[28] Wongtangtintharn S,Oku H,Iwasaki H,et al.Effect of branched-chain fatty acids on fatty acid biosynthesis of human breast cancer cells.[J]. Journal of Nutritional Science &Vitaminology, 2004,50(2):137-143.
[29] 李晶,阿扎提·祖力皮卡尔,张伟,等.骆驼乳的营养价值及发展现状[J].当代畜牧,2017(36):50-51.
