河北省是我国的奶牛养殖大省,也是全国进行奶业振兴的示范省。随着居民对牛奶需求的增加,河北省也扩大了奶牛养殖规模,河北省委、省政府更是把奶业作为现代农业发展的支柱性产业之一,大力整顿奶业秩序,加大政策支持力度,确保乳品质量安全。本文就2010—2020年河北省奶牛养殖的发展情况与山西、内蒙古、黑龙江、山东、河南、四川、西藏、新疆8 个省（自治区）进行比较优势分析,在对河北省奶牛养殖现状调研的基础上,通过对效率优势指数、规模优势指数以及综合优势指数的分析,得出河北省奶牛养殖具有规模优势,在2020年规模优势指数达到4.02,在9 个省份中排第二位;河北省奶牛养殖具有效率比较优势,但是比较优势的程度较小,2010—2020年呈现波动趋势,到2020年效率优势指数为0.87,在9 个省份中处于中游;河北省奶牛养殖具有综合优势,虽然从2010—2020年大体上呈现下降趋势,但下降趋势较弱,2020年的综合优势指数为1.87,处在第三位,仅低于第二位的黑龙江省。根据结论提出引导规模化建设、加快先进技术推广和加大政府补贴力度三个方面的发展政策建议,为政府部门制定奶牛养殖振兴战略政策提供参考。

Hebei Province is a major dairy cow breeding province in China,and also a demonstration province for the revitalization of the dairy industry in China. With the increase of residents' demand for milk,Hebei Province has also expanded the scale of dairy farming. The Hebei Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government regard dairy industry as one of the pillar industries for the development of modern agriculture,vigorously rectify the order of dairy industry,increase policy support, ensure the quality and safety of dairy products,and comprehensively improve the development level of dairy industry. This paper analyzed and explored the comparative advantages between the development of dairy cow breeding in Hebei Province and that in Shanxi,Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang,Shandong,Henan, Sichuan,Tibet and Xinjiang from 2010 to 2020. Based on the survey of dairy cow breeding in Hebei Province,the analysis and calculation of efficiency advantage index, scale advantage index and comprehensive advantage index showed that dairy cow breeding in Hebei Province had scale advantage. In 2020,the scale advantage index reached 4.02,ranking second among the nine provinces. Hebei Province has comparative advantage in efficiency in dairy farming,but the degree of comparative advantage is small. From 2010 to 2020,it fluctuated. By 2020,the efficiency advantage index will be 0.87,which is in the middle of the nine provinces. Hebei Province has comprehensive advantages in dairy cow breeding. Although the trend of decline is generally from 2010 to 2020,the trend of decline is weak. The comprehensive advantage index in 2020 is 1.87,ranking the third,only 0.1 lower than Heilongjiang Province,which ranks the second. According to the conclusion,the development policy recommendations are put forward from three aspects：guiding large-scale construction,accelerating the promotion of advanced technology and increasing government subsidies,which provide reference for the government departments to formulate the strategic policy for the revitalization of dairy farming in Hebei Province.