牛奶中存在不同种类的蛋白质,且不同基因型遗传变异体牛奶蛋白质的构型和功效存在差异。酪蛋白分型鉴定方法有基因鉴定、毛细管电泳分离鉴定、高效液相色谱分离鉴定等。本文对比介绍了不同构型κ-酪蛋白和β-酪蛋白的分型鉴定方法,重点验证了高效液相色分离谱鉴定方法的精密度、回收率,同时将该方法应用于生乳和乳制品酪蛋白分型检测鉴定,区分不同牧场牛群的遗传变异体类型和比例。通过该方法可指导牧场快速分群饲养奶牛,生产不同酪蛋白类型的生乳,并加工不同类型的高品质乳制品。
There are different kinds of proteins in milk,and the configuration and efficacy of milk proteins of different genetic variants are different. Casein typing identification methods include gene identification,capillary electrophoresis identification,high performance liquid chromatography identification,etc. In this paper,the typing and identification methods of K-casein and β-casein with different configurations were compared,and the precision and recovery rate of the HPLC chromatographic identification method were mainly verified. Meanwhile,the method was applied to the typing and identification of raw milk and dairy casein to distinguish the types and proportions of genetic variants in cattle in different pastures. This method can guide the pasture to breed dairy cows quickly,produce raw milk with different casein types,and process different types of high quality dairy products.
[1] 帕克陈和,舒国伟,陈立.乳制品中生物活性物质功能与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2014.
[2] 任建存. 我国特色乳制品的营养功效与产业发展[J].中国乳业,2021(8):34-39.
[3] Jianqin S,Leiming X,Lu X,et al.Effects of milk containing only A2 beta casein versus milk containing both A1 and A2 beta casein proteins on gastrointestinal physiology,symptoms of discomfort,and cognitive behavior of people with self-reported intolerance to traditional cow’s milk[J]. Nutrition Journal,2016,15(1):35.
[4] Barnett M P,Mcnabb W C,Roy N C,et al.Dietary A1β-casein affects gastrointestinal transit time, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, and inflammatory status relative to A2β-casein in Wistar rats[J]. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 2014.65(6):720-727.
[5] Haq M R,Kapila R,Sharma R,et al.Comparative evaluation of cow β-casein variants (A1/A2) consumption on Th2-mediated inflammatory response in mouse gut[J].European Journal of Nutrition,2014,53(4):1039-1049.
[6] 刘文静,郑玉才,钟光辉. K-酪蛋白研究进展[J]. 西南民族学院学报(自然科学版),2001,27(1):95-98.
[7] Ping,Feng,Christophe,et al. Quantification of whey protein content in infant formulas by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Capillary Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-CGE): Single-Laboratory Validation,First Action 2016.15[J]. Journal of AOAC International,2017,100(4):1177-1180.
[8] 方梅,江晓玲,胡波. 21世纪毛细管电泳在食品分析中的应用[J]. 食品工业科技,2006,27(3):6.
[9] 王超, 刘杨, 汤有宏. 原子吸收分光光度计石墨炉法测定食品中镉的方法适用性验证[J]. 酿酒科技,2019(4):5.
