[目的]为了解2021年我国规模化牧场奶牛酮病发病情况和防控状况。[方法]本文选择105 个规模化牧场进行调查,包括酮病发病率、诊断和监测方法、治疗方法、治愈率、防控方法和治疗成本等。[结果]牧场奶牛平均单产为9.7 t,酮病平均发病率为17.9%,高国外控制目标。大多数牧场奶牛酮病诊断和监测,主要采用检测血液中β-羟丁酸浓度的方法,奶牛酮病治愈率无论单一或综合措施都达90%以上,奶牛酮病综合防控效果明显好于单一措施。[结论]目前我国规模化牧场奶牛酮病发病率控制目标、诊断和监测、治疗和防控仍需更多研究,完善和制定相应的技术规范,为规模化牧场奶牛酮病的高效防控提供技术支撑。
关键词：
规模化牧场; 奶牛; 酮病; 治疗; 防控
[Objective]To investigate the incidence and control status of ketosis in dairy cow on large-scale pastures in China in 2021. [Method]A total of 105 large-scale farms were selected to investigate the basic situation of ketosis,including the incidence,diagnosis and monitoring methods,treatment methods,cure rate,prevention and control methods,and treatment costs. [Result]The results showed that the average yield of dairy cow was 9.7 t per unit area,and the average incidence of ketosis was 17.9%,which was higher than the control target required by foreign countries. The detection of blood β-hydroxybutyric acid concentration is the main method for the diagnosis and monitoring of ketosis in dairy cows in most pastures. The cure rate of ketosis in dairy cows is more than 90% regardless of single or comprehensive measures,and the effect of comprehensive prevention and control of ketosis in dairy cows is significantly better than that of single measure. At the same time,the corresponding summary and suggestions are given. However,more research is needed on the incidence control target,diagnosis and monitoring,treatment,prevention and control of ketosis in dairy cow on large-scale pastures in China,and the corresponding technical specifications need to be improved and formulated to provide technical support for the efficient prevention and control of ketosis in dairy cow on large-scale pastures.
[1] 农业农村部畜牧兽医局,全国畜牧总站,农业农村部畜牧业预警监测组.2021年奶业发展形势及2022年展望[J].中国畜牧业,2022(3):47-49.
[2] 赵婉莉,王雪莹,张才,等.围产后期亚临床酮病对奶牛健康和生产性能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2022(14):67-73.
[3] Stengärde L,Hultgren J,Tråvén M,et al.Risk factors for displaced abomasum or ketosis in Swedish dairy herds[J].Preventive Veterinary Medicine,2012,103( 4) :280-286.
[4] Shen T Y,Xu F,Fang Z Y,et al.Hepatic autophagy and mitophagy status in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2021,104(4):4847-4857.
[5] 夏成,徐闯,吴凌.奶牛主要代谢病[M].北京:科技出版社,2005.
[6] Loiklung C,Sukon P,Thamrongyoswittayakul C.Global prevalence of subclinical ketosis in dairy cows:A systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Research in Veterinary Science,2022,144:66-76.
[7] 卢明娟,王洪强.规模牧场奶牛产后酮病检测与防治[J].中国乳业,2022(4):57-60.
[8] 夏成,鲁文赓,郑家三.奶牛主要生产性疾病[M].北京:科技出版社,2020.
[9] 丁选国. 奶牛酮病的诊断与治疗[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2022,41(3):94-95.
[10] Satoa A,Bauer E A.Predicting subclinical ketosis in dairy cows using machine learning techniques[J]. Animals(Basel),2021,11(7).
[11] 魏春光. 奶牛酮病的发生原因、临床特征、诊断方法与防治措施[J].现代畜牧科技,2021(12):108-109.
[12] 赵宏志. 奶牛酮血症的病因、临床症状、类症鉴别与防治[J].现代畜牧科技,2021(6):101-102.
[13] 付瑶,王俊,齐志国,等.高产奶牛酮病发病机理及防治措施[J].中国奶牛,2021(10):28-31.
[14] 王治德,初莉莉.奶牛产后常见病防治[J].中国乳业, 2021(9):89-93.
[15] 张晶. 奶牛酮病的防治[J].吉林畜牧兽医2021,42(12):71-72.
[16] Ha S,Kang S,Han M,etal. Therapeutic effects of levocarnitine or Vitamin B complex and E with selenium on glycerin-treated Holstein Friesian cows with clinical ketosis[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2021,8: 773902.
[17] 张桐宁. VE和Se对奶牛氧化应激、免疫抑制、生产性能和健康的影响[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2021.
[18] 曹浩. 集约化牛场奶牛酮病保健效果和丙二醇防治优化措施的评估[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2021.
[19] Xiang K,Li S,Tuniyazi M,et al.Changes in the rumen microbiota community in Ketosis cows during propylene glycol treatment[J].Food & Function,2022,13(13):7144-7156.
[20] 孙鹏. 奶牛酮病的发生原因、临床特征、诊断及防治措施[J].现代畜牧科技,2021(3):78-79.
[21] Li S,Wei X,Song J,et al.Evaluation of statistical process control techniques in monitoring weekly body condition scores as an early warning system for predicting subclinical ketosis in dry cows[J].Animals (Basel),2021,11(11):3224.
[22] Guliński P.Ketone bodies - causes and effects of their increased presence in cows’body fluids: A review[J].Veterinary World,2021 ,14(6):1492-1503.
[23] Capel M B,Bach K D,Mann S,etal. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate propylene glycol alone or in combination with dextrose as a treatment for hyperketonemia in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2021,104(2):2185-2194.
[24] Mammi L M E,Guadagnini M,Mechor G,et al. The Use of Monensin for ketosis prevention in dairy cows during the transition period: A systematic review[J].Animals (Basel),2021,11(7):1988.
[25] 农业农村部.NY/T3191-2018 奶牛酮病诊断及群体风险监测技术[S].
