奶牛健康养殖对提高奶牛生产性能,生产安全和高质量牛奶产品具有重要意义。随着我国奶牛养殖规模化程度不断提高,以及居民消费观念改变,传统粗放养殖在生产效率及产品质量方面,难以满足高质量发展需要。本文以中国牧业60强奶牛场调研数据为基础,分析当前奶牛健康养殖措施的实施情况。研究结果表明,76%的规模奶牛场都采用了一定的健康养殖措施;微生态制剂、合成氨基酸等环保饲料使用较多。实施健康养殖的奶牛场奶牛生产性能和生鲜乳质量明显高于未实施的。不同产区和不同规模奶牛场之间健康养殖的效果差异较大。奶牛场负责人文化程度、固定资产投入、奶牛场收益等是实施健康养殖措施的重要影响因素。提出适度规模奶牛场加强环保饲料应用,南方产区加强基础设施投入,加强健康养殖措施宣传推广等建议,以促进我国奶牛养殖业的可持续发展。

Healthy dairy farming is important for improving dairy performance and producing safe and high-quality dairy products.With the increasing scale of dairy farming in China and changing consumer attitudes,it is difficult to meet the needs of high-quality development in terms of production efficiency and product quality with traditional rough farming. This paper analyzed the current implementation of healthy dairy farming measures based on research data from the top 60 farms in the Chinese livestock industry. The results of the study showed that 76% of scale farms adopt some healthy farming measures,with more use of micro-ecological preparations, synthetic amino acids and other environmentally friendly feeds,and the production performance and raw milk quality of cows on farms implementing healthy farming is significantly higher than those not,with large differences in the effectiveness of healthy farming between different production areas and different scales. The education level of farm leaders,fixed asset investment and farm income are important influencing factors in the implementation of healthy farming measures. Suggestions are made to strengthen the application of environmentally friendly feeds on moderate scale farms,strengthen infrastructure investment in southern production areas,and enhance the promotion of healthy farming measures to promote the sustainable development of China's dairy farming.