奶牛产奶量直接影响奶牛养殖的经济收益,但产奶量不仅受到奶牛品种的影响,也由饲养管理水平决定。但我国的部分奶牛场（户）还采用粗放式管理模式,在奶牛饲养管理与犊牛培育环节均存在不合理之处,这些均在一定程度上影响了奶牛养殖业的经济效益。为了调动奶牛养殖场（户）的积极性,促进奶牛养殖业的可持续发展,本文从奶牛生产力的影响因素入手,总结奶牛的饲养管理策略（包括环境管理、卫生管理、疾病防控等）,同时指出犊牛培育中所需要关注的技术要点（包括胚胎期管理等）,力求保证奶牛健康,培育出高产稳产奶牛,提高奶牛养殖的经济效益。

The milk yield of dairy cows directly affects the economic benefits of dairy farming,but the milk yield is not only affected by the variety of dairy cows,but also determined by the level of feeding management. However,some dairy farms （households） in China still adopt extensive management mode,and there are unreasonable points in the management of dairy farming and calf cultivation,which have affected the economic benefits of dairy farming to some extent. In order to arouse the enthusiasm of dairy farms （households） and promote the sustainable development of dairy farming,this paper started with the influencing factors of dairy productivity,summarizes the feeding and management strategies of dairy cows （including environmental management, health management, disease prevention and control, etc.）,and pointed out the technical points that need to be paid attention to in calf breeding （including embryonic management,etc.）,so as to ensure the health of dairy cows, cultivate high and stable yield dairy cows and improve the economic benefits of dairy farming.