[目的]探究泌乳前期奶牛在不同采食水平下产奶性能的差异。[方法]本试验挑选45 头处于泌乳前期、体况和胎次相近的健康荷斯坦牛,按照采食量低采食量组、中采食量组和高采食量组,预试验7 d,正式试验28 d。[结果]与低采食量组相比,中采食量组和高采食量组奶牛的平均日采食量显著升高（P<0.05）;高采食量组奶牛的采食速度、产奶量和4%标准乳产量显著升高（P<0.05）,乳中尿素氮含量显著降低（P<0.05）。中采食量组和高采食量组奶牛瘤胃内pH值、氨态氮、乙酸、丙酸及总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著升高（P<0.05）。中采食量组和高采食量组奶牛血清中白蛋白、总蛋白含量显著升高（P<0.05）;高采食量组奶牛血清中尿素氮含量显著升高（P<0.05）。[结论]泌乳前期奶牛在不同采食水平下产奶性能不同,采食量越高,产奶性能越好,瘤胃发酵功能越强,机体体况越佳。
[Objective] To investigate the difference of milk production performance of dairy cows at different feeding levels during early lactation. [Methods] In this experiment, 45 healthy Holstein cattle in early lactation period with similar body condition and parity were selected according to low feed intake group, medium feed intake group and high feed intake group for 7 days of pre-test and 28 days of formal test. [Results] Compared with low feed intake group, the average daily feed intake of cows in medium feed intake group and high feed intake group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The feeding speed, milk yield and 4% standard milk yield of dairy cows in high feed intake group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the milk urea nitrogen content was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid, propionic acid and total volatile fatty acid contents of cows in medium feed intake group and high feed intake group were significantly increased (P<0.05). Serum albumin and total protein contents in medium feed intake group and high feed intake group were significantly increased (P<0.05); Serum urea nitrogen content in high feed intake group was significantly increased (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Dairy cows in the early lactation period have different milk production performance under different feeding levels. The higher the feed intake, the better the milk production performance, the stronger the rumen fermentation function and the better body condition.
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