奶牛酮病作为我国奶牛养殖业面临的重大挑战,其高发率对养殖业的稳定发展构成威胁。本文详细阐述了奶牛酮病的分类、危害、临床症状以及发病原因,同时对诊断技术进行了深入探讨。奶牛酮病根据β-羟基丁酸水平分为亚临床型和临床型。酮病对奶牛健康、产奶量、牛奶质量和繁殖性能造成严重影响,增加了牧场运营成本和风险。其发病原因多样,包括能量代谢不平衡、围产期疾病、食源性因素、饥饿状态以及特定营养素缺乏等,与糖、脂、蛋白质代谢紊乱及激素调节密切相关。在诊断方面,文章介绍了定性检测（酮粉法、试剂法、试纸条法）和定量检测（水杨醛比色法、分光光度法、气相色谱法）等多种方法。本研究为奶牛酮病的有效防控提供了全面的知识基础和技术指导,有助于提升奶牛养殖业的健康管理与可持续发展。

Ketosis in dairy cows represents a major challenge confronting China's dairy farming industry, with its high incidence posing a threat to the stable development of the sector. This paper thoroughly explicate the classification, consequences, clinical manifestations, and etiology of ketosis in dairy cows, concurrently engaging in an in-depth exploration of diagnostic technologies. Dairy cow ketosis is categorized into subclinical and clinical forms based on β-hydroxybutyrate levels. The disease exerts profound impacts on cow health, milk production, milk quality, and reproductive performance, thereby escalating operational costs and risks for dairy farms. Its multifarious causes encompass energy metabolic imbalance, periparturient diseases, dietary factors, starvation conditions, and specific nutrient deficiencies, all intimately associated with dysregulations in glucose, lipid, protein metabolism, and hormonal regulation. In the realm of diagnosis, the article present diverse methods, encompassing qualitative detection (ketone powder method, reagent method, test strip method) and quantitative detection (salicylaldehyde colorimetry, spectrophotometry, gas chromatography). This research furnishe a comprehensive knowledge base and technological guidance for the effective prevention and control of ketosis in dairy cows, thereby contributing to enhanced health management and sustainable development within the dairy farming industry.