河北作为乳业大省,奶农面临生产成本提高和议价能力不足的双重压力。为提高奶牛养殖户的风险抵御能力,自2018年起,国家和地方部门推出一系列政策,支持奶农发展乳制品加工。笔者针对河北省奶农发展乳制品加工现状进行深入调研,分析 “自有牧场+鲜奶吧”“自有牧场+中央厨房+鲜奶吧”“自有牧场+乳制品加工厂”三种奶农发展加工模式。每种模式都有其优势和适应条件,但同时也面临多项挑战,包括缺乏质量标准、监管困难、缺少具体政策、生产经营许可证难办、销售渠道受限等。为解决这些问题,本文提出加强质量安全监管、降低准入门槛、健全法律制度、拓宽销售渠道、加大政策扶持力度、形成完善的原料奶定价机制等对策,以促进河北省奶业高质量发展,帮助奶农走出养殖困境,分享产业增值收益。

As a large dairy province,dairy farmers in Hebei Province are facing the double pressure of increasing production cost and insufficient bargaining power.In order to improve the risk resilience of dairy farmers,since 2018,national and local departments have introduced a series of policies to support the implementation of the “dairy farmer processing model”.In this paper,the current situation of dairy farm processing in Hebei Province was deeply investigated,and three “dairy farm processing” modes were analyzed：The self-owned ranch + milk bar model,the self-owned ranch + central kitchen + milk bar model and the self-owned ranch + dairy processing plant model.Each model has its own advantages and adaptation conditions,but at the same time,the dairy farm processing model also faces a number of challenges,including lack of quality standards,regulatory difficulties,lack of specific policies,difficult production and operation licenses,limited sales channels.In order to solve these problems,this paper put forward countermeasures such as strengthening quality and safety supervision,lowering entry threshold,perfecting legal system,expanding sales channels,increasing policy support and forming perfect pricing mechanism of raw milk.It aimed to promote the high-quality development of the dairy industry in Hebei Province,help dairy farmers out of the breeding dilemma,and share the value-added income of the industry.