[目的] 大豆异黄酮（SIF）是一种生物活性因子,影响激素的分泌和代谢。本试验旨在探讨在繁殖前短期补充SIF对西农萨能母山羊繁殖性能及其羔羊的影响。[方法] 试验于配种前选取30 只健康的泌乳奶山羊,随机分为3组：对照组（常规日粮）、SIF-1组（常规日粮+100 mg SIF）和SIF-2组（常规日粮+200 mg SIF）,饲喂28 天。[结果] SIF-1组和SIF-2组的奶山羊干物质采食量均显著高于对照组（P< 0.05）。3 组母羊血清雌二醇浓度在试验期间均随时间延长而显著升高（P<0.05）。SIF-1组和SIF-2组的奶山羊发情率与受胎率均高于对照组。SIF-1组的奶山羊繁殖率高于对照组和SIF-2组。SIF组的羔羊体长显著高于对照组,其中SIF-2组的羔羊体长最大（P<0.05）。[结论] 奶山羊繁殖期短期补充SIF可以提高其繁殖性能,在饲喂常规日粮（其中精料补充料大豆异黄酮含量为148.6 mg/kg）基础上,每只奶山羊每天补充100 mg SIF更为理想。
[Objective] Soy isoflavones （SIF） belonged to a group of biologically active substances that can impact hormone secretion and metabolism in the body. [Method] This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of short-term supplementation of SIF before breeding on the reproductive performance of Xinong Saanen dairy goats and lamb. Thirty healthy lactating dairy goats were selected for the experiment before breeding. The animals were randomly divided into three groups：a control group （conventional diet）,SIF-1 group （conventional diet + 100mgSIF）,and SIF-2 group （conventional diet + 200mg SIF）,and fed for 28 days. [Result] The dry matter intake of dairy goats in the SIF-1 and SIF-2 groups was significantly higher than that in the control group （P<0.05）. In the three groups of female goats,the serum estradiol concentrations significantly increased over time during the experiment （P<0.05）. The estrus rate and conception rate of the SIF-1 and SIF-2 groups of dairy goats were higher than the control group. The reproduction rate of dairy goats in the SIF-1 group was higher than that of the control group and the SIF-2 group. The body length of the lambs in the SIF group was significantly higher than that of the control group,with the lambs in the SIF-2 group having the longest body length （P<0.05）. [Conclusion] Short-term supplementation of SIF during the breeding period of dairy goats can improve their reproductive performance. On the basis of feeding a conventional diet （where the content of SIF in the concentrate supplement is 148.6 mg/kg）,it is more ideal to supplement each dairy goat with 100mg of SIF per day.
[1] 何学军, 齐德生. 大豆异黄酮的营养生理功能研究进展[J]. 兽药与饲料添加剂,2006(2):23-26.
[2] Li P, Liu Y, Gao M,etal. Dietary soy saponin improves antioxidant and immune function of layer hens[J]. The Journal of Poultry Science, 2021,59(3):197-205.
[3] Chen L R, Chen K H.Utilization of isoflavones in soybeans for women with menopausal syndrome:An overview[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(6):3212.
[4] Luo Q, Cheng G D, Huang C,etal.Improvement of colonic immune function with soy isoflavones in high-fat diet-induced obese rats[J]. Molecules,2019,24(6):1139.
[5] 孟新静,杨旭,孟德尚,等.大豆次生代谢产物结构、生物活性及其作用机制研究进展[J].食品科学,2024:1-21.
[6] Jacquet A D R, Ambaw A, Tambe M A,etal.Neuroprotective mechanisms of red clover and soy isoflavones in Parkinson’s disease models[J]. Food & function,2021, 12(23):11987-12007.
[7] 范漻钰, 李东红, 程银银,等. 大豆异黄酮的生理功能及在奶山羊生产的应用[J]. 中国乳业,2023(5):27-31,36.
[8] 熊昕宜,许泽玉,何念佳,等.大豆异黄酮干预肥胖大鼠肝氧化应激及炎症反应[J]. 浙江农业学报,2022,34(5):942-948.
[9] Qiang T,Wang J, Ding X,etal. The improving effect of soybean isoflavones on ovarian function in older laying hens[J]. Poultry Science, 2023,102(10):102944.
[10] 林厦菁, 苟钟勇, 范秋丽, 等. 大豆异黄酮对黄羽肉种母鸡产蛋、繁殖性能及血浆生化指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医,2023,50(11):4454-4462.
[11] 刘霜, 肖俊峰, 吴有林, 等. 围产期母猪饲粮添加大豆异黄酮和山花黄芩提取物对母仔猪抗氧化功能和繁殖性能的影响[J]. 福建畜牧兽医,2022, 44(5):12-17.
[12] 李帅,温晓鹿,蒋宗勇,等. 妊娠后期及泌乳期添加异黄酮-S对母猪繁殖性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报,2022,34(10):6459-6468.
[13] 金福源,陶艳华,刘美华,等. 大豆异黄酮对母羊繁殖性能的影响试验[J]. 中国畜禽种业,2021,17(11):45-47.
[14] 丁浩, 邓近平, 范觉鑫, 等. 大豆异黄酮对雌性动物生殖系统的影响[J]. 国外畜牧学(猪与禽),2014,34(5):58-60.
[15] Dinsdale E C, Chen J, Ward W E.Early life exposure to isoflavones adversely affects reproductive health in first but not second generation female CD-1 mice[J]. The Journal of Nutrition,2011,141(11):1996-2002
[16] 代晓曼, 郭小虎, 安秀峰, 等. 大豆异黄酮对不同时期子代雄性大鼠生殖性状及ER-β受体表达的影响[J]. 中华男科学杂志,2012,18(10):915-919.
[17] 王文祥,蔡淑凤,张文昌. 大豆异黄酮持续暴露对小鼠卵巢发育影响[J]. 中国公共卫生, 2015, 31(5): 597-599.
[18] 许文达, 董思林, 张晗, 等. 大豆异黄酮对幼年小鼠生殖发育的影响[J]. 中国药房, 2024,35(6):678-682.
[19] 陈浩瀚,王锦湘王敏奇. 大豆异黄酮对生长猪生长性能、血清生化、免疫和抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志,2022,58(5):229-233,238.
[20] 杨保田, 王致晶. 大豆异黄酮对萨能种公羊生长性能以及免疫能力的影响[J]. 中国饲料,2022(12):46-49.
[21] 马利芹,官丽辉,利凯. 大豆异黄酮对坝上长尾鸡生长性能、免疫功能、睾丸发育及血浆生殖激素的影响[J]. 饲料研究,2024,47(1):34-39.
[22] 毛玉平,张华文,项门们, 等. 大豆异黄酮对青年奶山羊生长性能的影响[J]. 中国奶牛, 2019(12):29-34.
[23] 李娟. 对大豆异黄酮的结构与功能的探析[J]. 现代农业科学,2008(4):16-17.
[24] Yu B,Chen Q F,Liu Z Petal.Estrogen receptor α and β expressions in hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis in rats exposed lactationally to soy isoflavones and bisphenol A[J]. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences: BES, 2010, 23(5): 357-362.
[25] 余思佳. 高活性大豆异黄酮发酵豆粕对母羊抗氧化力、乳品质及羔羊生长发育的影响[D].上海:上海交通大学,2019.
[26] Li D,Dang D X,Xu S,etal.Soy isoflavones supplementation improves reproductive performance and serum antioxidant status of sows and the growth performance of their offspring[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2022,106(6):1268-1276.
[27] Liu C L,Li Z Q,Feng X J.Effects of daidzein or genistein on proliferation and antioxidation of mammary epithelial cell of dairy cow In Vitro[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2011,343-344:649-654.
[28] 尹艳云,刘京威, 鲍文玉, 等. 饲喂雌鼠大豆异黄酮对后代雌性生殖性状的影响[J]. 中国实验动物学报,2009,17(4):299-302.
[29] 张舟艺, 胡文力, 曲雪峰, 等. 大豆异黄酮对生殖系统的影响研究进展[J]. 中国卫生检验杂志,2020,30(8):1021-1024.
