[目的] 调查分析平顶山市奶牛子宫内膜炎流行情况和相关性影响因素。[方法] 2021年1月至2023年12月在汝州、鲁山、宝丰等地选取14 827 头奶牛,统计分析子宫内膜炎流行情况以及胎次、月份、饲养管理水平、致病菌相关性。[结果] 结果发现,平均发病率25.1%,1月、2月、12月和7月、8月、9月份子宫内膜炎发病率相对较高,1胎次、2胎次、5胎次、6 胎次以上发病率相对较高。低水平饲养管理对奶牛子宫内膜炎发病率有极显著影响。致病菌主要为葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌、化脓杆菌、沙门菌,混合感染为主,占比73.6%。[结论] 平顶山市奶牛子宫内膜炎流行较严重,相关因素极显著影响发病率。建议结合流行特点加强饲养管理、降低发病率。
[Objective] In order to investigate and analyze the epidemic patterns and related factors of endometritis in dairy cattle farms in Pingdingshan City. [Method] 14 827 cows were selected from Ruzhou,Lushan,Baofeng and other places from January 2021 to December 2023 to statistically analyze the epidemic patterns of endometritis,as well as the correlation between parity,month,feeding management level,and pathogenic bacteria. [Result] The results showed that the average incidence rate was 25.1%.The incidence rate of endometritis was relatively high in February,December,July,August and September. The parity of 2,5,and 6 were relatively high. Low level feeding management had a very significant impact on the incidence rate of endometritis in dairy cows. The main pathogenic bacteria were Staphylococcus,Escherichia coli,Streptococcus,Pseudomonas and Salmonella,with mixed infections accounting for 73.6%. [Conclusion] The epidemic patterns of cow endometritis in Pingdingshan City was relatively serious,and the related factors significantly affected the incidence rate.It was suggested to strengthen feeding management in combination with the epidemic characteristics to reduce the incidence rate.
[1] Cai X S,Jiang H,Xiao J,et al.Changes in bacterial community composition in the uterus of Holstein cow with endometritis before and after treatment with oxytetracycline[J].Scientific Reports,2024,14(1):9511.
[2] 郝景锋,李高谦,张宇航,等.2017—2019年吉林地区奶牛子宫内膜炎流行病学调查[J].中国兽医杂志,2021,57(4):50-53.
[3] 肖杰,孙攀峰,牛晖,等.河南部分地区荷斯坦奶牛子宫内膜炎发病规律研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018(2):109-111.
[4] 王金君,辛萍萍,胡士林.潍坊地区奶牛子宫内膜炎发病率调查研究[J].当代畜牧,2016(3):11-13.
[5] 王鸿盛,武小虎,张世栋,等.奶牛子宫内膜炎诊疗学研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2019,46(7):2127-2134.
[6] 赵红霞,王晓凯,宋晨,等.内蒙古地区奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌分离鉴定及耐药性试验[J].中国兽医杂志,2022,58(5):58-63.
[7] 靳光. 山西省奶牛子宫内膜炎流行状况调查与防治的实践[D].太原:山西农业大学,2014.
[8] 陈松,孙苗.唐山地区奶牛子宫内膜炎发病情况调查[J].中国奶牛,2014(14):59-61.
[9] 牛彦兵,郭庆河,陈国礼.昌吉地区的奶牛子宫内膜炎发病规律和相关原因调查[J].畜禽业,2014(6):60-61.
[10] 赵立香. 吉林市奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌调查及TLR4封闭肽作用机制研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.
[11] 杨文瑾,赵强,陶金忠.胎次、妊娠天数及月份与奶牛产后疾病相关性探析[J].中国奶牛,2023(6):20-25.
[12] 周小双. 胎次与奶牛子宫炎症发病率及治愈率的关系[J].当代畜牧,2016(23):70.
[13] 王鸿盛,袁勇,马金,等.奶牛子宫内膜炎继发性病因研究进展[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2023,53(1):28-33.
[14] 欧肇林,黄文忠,梁山.奶牛子宫内膜炎病原分离鉴定及不同治疗试验的比较[J].广西农学报,2011,26(1):49-51.
[15] 张祎娜. 北京地区奶牛子宫内膜炎致病菌的分离鉴定及抑菌试验[D]. 保定:河北农业大学,2011.
