[1] Pereira P C.Milk nutritional composition and its role in human health[J]. Nutrition, 2014, 30:619-627.
[2] Haug A,Høstmark A T,Harstad O M.Bovine milk in human nutrition--a review[J].Lipids in Health and Disease, 2007, 6:25.
[3] 邱冀,孟阳,赵怿,等.不同哺乳动物乳中主要营养成分研究进展[J]. 乳业科学与技术, 2021, 44:50-54.
[4] 李磊,王昆,何静,等.驼、牛、羊乳中脂肪酸含量的比较分析[J].食品科学, 2019, 40:223-227.
[5] Ness A R,Smith G D,Hart C.Milk,coronary heart disease and mortality[J].Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2001, 55:379-382.
[6] Givens D I.Milk in the diet: good or bad for vascular disease?[J]. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,2012,71:98-104.
[7] Moallem U.Invited review:Roles of dietary n-3 fatty acids in performance,milk fat composition,and reproductive and immune systems in dairy cattle[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2018,101:8641-8661.
[8] Van Dael P.Role of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human nutrition and health:review of recent studies and recommendations[J].Nutrition Research and Practice,2021, 15:137-159.
[9] Watanabe Y,Tatsuno I.Prevention of Cardiovascular Events with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Mechanism Involved[J].Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 2020, 27:183-198.
[10] Hajri T,Abumrad N A.Fatty acid transport across membranes: relevance to nutrition and metabolic pathology[J].Annual Review of Nutrition,2002,22:383-415.
[11] 王来娣. 亚麻油调控鸭肝脏和胸肌多不饱和脂肪酸合成及代谢研究[D].扬州:扬州大学, 2022.
[12] Goyens P L,Spilker M E,Zock P L,et al.Conversion of alpha-linolenic acid in humans is influenced by the absolute amounts of alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in the diet and not by their ratio[J]. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006,84:44-53.
[13] Schmitz G,Ecker J.The opposing effects of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids[J].Progress in Lipid Research,2008,47:147-155.
[14] Saini K,Keum Y S.Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Dietary sources,metabolism,and significance - A review[J].Life Science,2018, 203:255-267.
[15] Li N,Jia M,Deng Q,et al.Effect of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on blood lipid level:a meta-analysis[J].Hormones (Athens), 2021,20:697-706.
[16] Abbott R D,Curb J D,Rodriguez B L,et al.Effect of dietary calcium and milk consumption on risk of thromboembolic stroke in older middle-aged men.The Honolulu Heart Program[J].Stroke,1996,27:813-818.
[17] Givens D I.Session 4: Challenges facing the food industry in innovating for health. Impact on CVD risk of modifying milk fat to decrease intake of SFA and increase intake of cis-MUFA[J].Proceedings of the Nutrition Society,2008,67:419-427.
[18] Noakes M,Nestel P J,Clifton P M.Modifying the fatty acid profile of dairy products through feedlot technology lowers plasma cholesterol of humans consuming the products[J]. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1996,63:42-46.
[19] Bjelková M,Nôžková J,Fatrcová-Šramková K,et al. Comparison of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes with respect to the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids[J]. Chemical Papers, 2012, 66:972-976.
[20] Jin F,Nieman D C,Sha W,et al.Supplementation of milled chia seeds increases plasma ALA and EPA in postmenopausal women[J].Plant Foods for Human Nutrition,2012,67:105-110.
[21] Bandarra N M,Marçalo A,Cordeiro A R,et al.Sardine (Sardina pilchardus) lipid composition:Does it change after one year in captivity?[J].Food Chemistry,2018,244:408-413.
[22] Monroig Ó,Tocher D R,Navarro J C.Biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in marine invertebrates:recent advances in molecular mechanisms[J].Marine Drugs,2013, 11:3998-4018.
[23] Cholewski M,Tomczykowa M,Tomczyk M.A Comprehensive Review of Chemistry,Sources and Bioavailability of Omega-3 Fatty Acids[J].Nutrients,2018,10:1662.
[24] Kudrna V,Marounek M.Influence of feeding whole sunflower seed and extruded linseed on production of dairy cows,rumen and plasma constituents,and fatty acid composition of milk[J]. Archives of Animal Nutrition,2008,62:60-69.
[25] 刘瑞芳,嘎尔迪,苏利红,等.不同水平亚麻籽对奶牛产奶性能及乳中脂肪酸含量的影响[J].饲料工业,2018,39:29-33.
[26] Micek P,Kowalski Z M,Sady M,et al.An energy-protein feed additive containing different sources of fat improves feed intake and milk performance of dairy cows in mid-lactation[J]. Journal Of Dairy Research,2019,86:55-62.
[27] Bodkowski R C K,Sokoła-Wysoczańska E,Janczak M, etal. The effect of low-temperature crystallization of fish oil on the chemical composition,fatty acid profile,and functional properties of cow's milk[J].Animals (Basel), 2020,10:1834.
[28] Donovan D C,Schingoethe D J,Baer R J,et al.Influence of dietary fish oil on conjugated linoleic acid and other fatty acids in milk fat from lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2000, 83:2620-2628.
[29] Kairenius P,Ärölä A,Leskinen H,et al.Dietary fish oil supplements depress milk fat yield and alter milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows fed grass silage-based diets[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2015,98:5653-5671.
[30] Kupczyński R,Szołtysik M,Janeczek W,et al.Effect of dietary fish oil on milk yield,fatty acids content and serum metabolic profile in dairy cows[J].Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition,2011,95:512-522.
[31] Abughazaleh AA,Potu R B,Ibrahim S.Short communication: The effect of substituting fish oil in dairy cow diets with docosahexaenoic acid-micro algae on milk composition and fatty acids profile[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92: 6156-6159.
[32] Glover K E,Budge S,Rose M,et al.Effect of feeding fresh forage and marine algae on the fatty acid composition and oxidation of milk and butter[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2012, 95:2797-2809.
[33] Vahmani P,Fredeen A H,Glover K E.Effect of supplementation with fish oil or microalgae on fatty acid composition of milk from cows managed in confinement or pasture systems[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96:6660-6670.
[34] Shingfield K J,Bernard L,Leroux C,et al.Role of trans fatty acids in the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis in ruminants[J]. Animal,2010,4:1140-1166.
[35] Ibeagha-Awemu E M,Akwanji K A,Beaudoin F,et al. Associations between variants of FADS genes and omega-3 and omega-6 milk fatty acids of Canadian Holstein cows[J]. BMC Genetics,2014,15:25.
[36] Castro L F,Tocher D R,Monroig O.Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in chordates: Insights into the evolution of Fads and Elovl gene repertoire[J]. Progress in Lipid Research,2016,62:25-40.
[37] Xie D,Chen C,Dong Y,et al.Regulation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in teleost fish[J]. Progress in Lipid Research,2021,82:101095.
[38] Bastin C,Soyeurt H,Gengler N.Genetic parameters of milk production traits and fatty acid contents in milk for Holstein cows in parity 1-3[J].Journal Of Animal Breeding And Genetics,2013,130:118-127.
[39] Gillingham L G,Harding S V,Rideout T C,et al.Dietary oils and FADS1-FADS2 genetic variants modulate [13C]α-linolenic acid metabolism and plasma fatty acid composition[J].American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition,2013,97:195-207.
[40] Schaeffer L,Gohlke H,Müller M,et al.Common genetic variants of the FADS1 FADS2 gene cluster and their reconstructed haplotypes are associated with the fatty acid composition in phospholipids[J].Human Molecular Genetics, 2006, 15:1745-1756.
[41] Howard T D,Mathias R A,Seeds M,et al.DNA methylation in an enhancer region of the FADS cluster is associated with FADS activity in human liver[J].PLoS One,2014,9:e97510.
[42] Merino D M,Johnston H,Clarke S,et al.Polymorphisms in FADS1 and FADS2 alter desaturase activity in young Caucasian and Asian adults[J].Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 2011, 103:171-178.
[43] Illig T,Gieger C,Zhai G,et al.A genome-wide perspective of genetic variation in human metabolism[J].Nature Genetics, 2010,42:137-141.
[44] Watts J L,Browse J.Genetic dissection of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in Caenorhabditis elegans[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2002,99:5854-5859.
[45] Spychalla J P,Kinney A J,Browse J.Identification of an animal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1997,94:1142-1147.
[46] Guo T,Liu X F,Ding X B,et al.Fat-1 transgenic cattle as a model to study the function of ω-3 fatty acids[J].Lipids in Health and Disease,2011,10:244.
[47] Wu X,Ouyang H,Duan B,et al.Production of cloned transgenic cow expressing omega-3 fatty acids[J].Transgenic Research,2012,21:537-543.
[48] Liu X,Bai C,Ding X,et al.Microarray Analysis of the Gene Expression Profile and Lipid Metabolism in Fat-1 Transgenic Cattle[J]. PLoS One,2015,10:e0138874.
[49] Liu X F,Wei Z Y,Bai C L,et al.Insights into the function of n-3 PUFAs in fat-1 transgenic cattle[J].Journal of Lipid Research,2017,58:1524-1535.
[50] Houdebine L M.Use of transgenic animals to improve human health and animal production[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals,2005,40:269-281.
[51] 叶月丹. 不同热加工条件对牛羊乳脂肪酸的影响及差异性分析[D]. 陕西:西北农林科技大学, 2015.
[52] Dal Bello B,Torri L,Piochi M,et al.Healthy yogurt fortified with n-3 fatty acids from vegetable sources[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2015, 98:8375-8385.
[53] 李红艳. 多不饱和脂肪酸在婴儿配方奶粉中稳态化的研究[D]. 南昌:南昌大学, 2009.
[54] Raederstorff D,Wyss A,Calder P C,et al.Vitamin E function and requirements in relation to PUFA[J].British Journal of Nutrition, 2015, 114:1113-1122.
