热应激是制约畜牧业经济效益的重要因素,尤其在南方高温高湿环境下,其对奶牛生产性能、产奶量、繁殖效率及免疫功能的负面影响尤为突出。值得注意的是,每年7—9月热应激高峰期恰逢分娩牛群数量激增,这与上一年度热应激结束后（10—12月）集中配种及热应激期间受胎率下降导致的积压牛群有关。在此背景下,产后子宫保健对牧场生产管理至关重要：其一,促进子宫复旧,恢复生殖功能,保障奶牛繁殖潜力;其二,降低胎衣不下、子宫炎等疾病发生率,减少繁殖障碍与生产损失;其三,优化繁殖效率,确保发情-配种-受孕周期正常运行。热应激与分娩应激的双重作用进一步加剧了子宫健康风险,因此需针对性加强子宫复旧管理。从经济效益看,科学的子宫保健不仅能降低治疗成本,还可通过提升繁殖性能显著提高牧场收益。
Heat stress is a critical factor constraining economic efficiency in animal husbandry,particularly in the high-temperature and high-humidity environments of southern regions,where its adverse effects on dairy cow performance,milk yield,reproductive efficiency,and immune function are especially pronounced.Notably,the peak period of heat stress from July to September coincides with a surge in calving numbers,attributable to concentrated breeding activities following the previous year's heat stress period（October-December）and accumulated pregnancies due to reduced conception rates during heat stress. In this context,postpartum uterine care is essential for farm management：（1）it promotes uterine involution,restoring reproductive function and safeguarding fertility potential.（2）it reduces the incidence of retained fetal membranes,metritis,and other disorders,minimizing reproductive failures and production losses.（3）it optimizes reproductive efficiency,ensuring normal estrus-breeding-conception cycles. The dual stressors of heat and parturition further exacerbate uterine health risks,necessitating targeted involution management. From an economic perspective,scientific uterine care not only lowers treatment costs but also significantly enhances farm profitability by improving reproductive performance.
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