奶牛早期胚胎死亡（EED）是制约奶牛养殖业繁殖效率的核心问题,其发生率高达20%~30%,严重影响情期受胎率。本文系统阐述了EED的定义、分类及发生机制,从胚胎自身、母体、父本和环境等多角度分析了影响因素,并详细介绍了妊娠诊断技术与各阶段胚胎丢失特征。研究提出了一系列精准防控策略,包括优化饲养管理、提升繁殖技术、强化健康管理和建立监测体系,旨在降低胚胎丢失率,提升奶牛繁殖效率。本文为奶牛养殖业的实践提供了理论依据和技术指导。
Early Embryonic Death （EED） in dairy cows is a critical issue limiting reproductive efficiency in the dairy industry,with an incidence rate as high as 20%~30%,significantly affecting conception rates. This paper systematically elaborated on the definition,classification,and mechanisms of EED,analyzing influencing factors from multiple perspectives,including the embryo itself,maternal factors,paternal contributions,and environmental conditions. It also detailed pregnancy diagnosis techniques and characteristics of embryonic loss at various stages. A series of precise prevention and control strategies are proposed,such as optimizing feeding management,improving reproductive technologies,enhancing health management,and establishing monitoring systems,aiming to reduce embryonic loss and improve reproductive efficiency. This study provided theoretical and practical guidance for the dairy farming industry.
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