[目的]早期胚胎死亡（EEM）是影响规模化牧场繁殖效率和生产效益的关键瓶颈问题。[方法]本研究旨在通过对新疆某规模化牧场2022—2023年的繁殖管理记录数据、临床观察、实验室检测及饲养管理记录分析等方法,对该场胚胎早期死亡的影响因素进行了系统归类分析并针对性提出分类的综合防治措施,以期为改善规模化牧场繁殖效率提供参考。[结果]该牧场2022—2023年,早期胚胎死亡发生率年平均为28.75%,其中环境因素占29.77%,繁殖及遗传因素占27.64%,繁殖技术因素占18.34%,营养因素占17.34%,管理因素占5.40%,疾病因素1.51%,是导致该场奶牛EEM高发的主要原因。[结论]基于调查结果,本文提出了一套涵盖环境数智化控制优化、饲草料安全检控、精准营养调控、产后子宫保健程序优化、双同期定时输精繁殖操作程序、基因组精准选育、疫病生物防控及管理程序优化为一体的综合防治策略。2024年应用该综合防治策略,该场胚胎早期死亡发生率下降至18.45%,显著提升了牛群的繁殖性能和牧场经济效益,为新疆乃至全国规模化牧场减少胚胎早期死亡提供了依据和参考。

[Objective] Early embryonic mortality（EEM）is a critical bottleneck issue affecting reproductive efficiency and production profitability in large-scale dairy farms. [Method] This study systematically analyzed the influencing factors of EEM in a large-scale dairy farm in Xinjiang from 2022 to 2023 by examining reproductive management records,clinical observations,laboratory testing,and feeding management data. Based on the findings,targeted comprehensive prevention measures were proposed to improve reproductive efficiency in large-scale dairy farms. [Result] The annual average incidence of EEM in the farm during 2022-2023 was 28.75%,with environmental factors accounting for 29.77%,reproductive and genetic factors for 27.64%,reproductive technical factors for 18.34%,nutritional factors for 17.34%,management factors for 5.40%,and disease factors for 1.51%. These were identified as the primary causes of high EEM incidence. [Conclusion] Based on the investigation,this study proposed an integrated prevention strategy encompassing digitalized environmental control optimization,forage safety inspection,precise nutritional regulation,postpartum uterine health program optimization,double-Ovsynch timed artificial insemination,genomic selection,disease biosecurity,and management optimization. By applying this strategy in 2024,the farm reduced EEM incidence to 18.45%,significantly improving herd reproductive performance and farm profitability. This study provides a basis and reference for reducing EEM in large-scale dairy farms in Xinjiang and nationwide.