[目的]建立精确、快速的生牛乳感官气味检测方法,为其品质控制提供技术支撑。[方法]鉴于电子鼻技术在乳制品掺假检测、成分分析及加工贮藏过程中品质变化气味研究领域的广泛应用优势,本研究采用电子鼻技术与传统仪器分析、感官评价相结合的综合分析策略,开展生牛乳品质检测试验。[结果]电子鼻技术在生牛乳品质检测中展现出显著优势：可快速识别异常样本,有效规避人为主观因素导致的误差,大幅提升实际检测操作效率;2023年3—12月对10 230 个牧场生牛乳样本的检测数据显示,整体符合率达91.6%,且电子鼻检出的不符合样本经人工感官评价验证,符合率为100%。[结论]通过多次试验构建正常生牛乳光谱模型,与异常样本光谱模型对比,明确了异常生牛乳中特征挥发性化合物（如酸味样本中的3-乙基-2-甲基吡嗪、豆味样本中的乙醇等）,为生牛乳感官品质评估提供科学、可靠的检测依据。

[Objective]To establish an accurate and rapid detection method for sensory odor of raw milk and provide technical support for its quality control.[Method]Due to the wide application advantages of electronic nose technology in the fields of dairy adulteration detection,component analysis,and odor research on quality changes during processing and storage,this study adopted a comprehensive analysis strategy combining electronic nose technology with traditional instrumental analysis and sensory evaluation to carry out raw milk quality detection experiments.[Result]Electronic nose technology showed significant advantages in raw milk quality detection：it could quickly identify abnormal samples,effectively avoid errors caused by subjective human factors,and greatly improve the efficiency of practical detection operations.The detection data of 10,230 raw milk samples from pastures from March to December 2023 showed that the overall compliance rate reached 91.6%,and the non-compliant samples detected by electronic nose were verified by artificial sensory evaluation with a compliance rate of 100%.[Conclusion]A spectral model of normal raw milk was constructed through multiple experiments.By comparing with the spectral model of abnormal samples,the characteristic volatile compounds in abnormal raw milk（such as 3-ethyl-2-methylpyrazine in sour samples and ethanol in bean-flavored samples）were identified,providing a scientific and reliable detection basis for the sensory quality evaluation of raw milk.