[目的] 为评价益生菌制剂在奶牛健康管理中的应用效果,本研究以山东省沂水县某规模奶牛场泌乳期奶牛为研究对象,采用对照试验方法,系统分析益生菌制剂对奶牛乳房炎发生率、乳品质及产奶性能的影响。[方法] 试验选取健康泌乳期荷斯坦牛,随机分为对照组和益生菌组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组（益生菌组）在基础日粮中添加复合益生菌制剂,试验期连续饲喂。通过记录乳房炎发生率、测定乳品质指标（体细胞数、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和乳糖率）及产奶性能指标（日产奶量、产奶稳定性等）,对益生菌制剂的应用效果进行综合评价。[结果] 与对照组相比,益生菌组奶牛乳房炎发生率显著降低（P<0.05）,乳汁体细胞数显著下降（P<0.01）,乳脂率和乳蛋白率均有不同程度提高（P<0.05）,而乳糖率差异不显著（P>0.05）。在产奶性能方面,益生菌组平均日产奶量较对照组有提高趋势,差异不显著（P>0.05）,但产奶稳定性明显优于对照组;另外,益生菌组隐性乳房炎阳性率较对照组降低,平均隐性乳房炎评分亦下降,提示隐性乳房炎风险下降,乳电导率方面,益生菌组乳电导率水平低于对照组,说明益生菌制剂可降低乳腺炎症负担并改善乳腺健康状态。[结论] 综上,益生菌制剂可通过改善奶牛健康状态和乳腺炎症水平,降低乳房炎发生风险,提升乳品质并增强泌乳稳定性,具有良好的生产应用价值和推广前景。

[Objective] To evaluate the application effect of probiotic preparations in the health management of dairy cows,this study took lactating cows from a large-scale dairy farm in Yishui County,Shandong Province,as the research subjects.A controlled trial method was used to systematically analyze the effects of probiotic preparations on the incidence of mastitis,milk quality,and milk production performance.[Method] Healthy lactating Holstein cows were randomly divided into a control group and a probiotic group.The control group was fed a basic diet,while the experimental group received the same diet supplemented with a compound probiotic preparation.The trial lasted for a continuous feeding period.By recording the incidence of mastitis and measuring milk quality indicators（somatic cell count,milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage,and lactose percentage） as well as milk production performance indicators （daily milk yield and milk production stability）,a comprehensive evaluation of the application effect of the probiotic preparation was conducted.[Result] The results showed that compared with the control group,the incidence of mastitis in the probiotic group was significantly reduced （P<0.05）,somatic cell count in milk decreased significantly （P<0.01）,and both milk fat and protein percentages increased to varying degrees （P<0.05）,while lactose percentage showed no significant difference （P>0.05）.The probiotic group showed a higher average daily milk yield than that of the control group,though the difference was not significant （P>0.05）,and exhibited better production stability;however,milk production stability was significantly better than that of the control group.Additionally,the probiotic group exhibited a lower incidence of subclinical mastitis compared to the control group,with a corresponding decrease in the average subclinical mastitis score,suggesting a reduced risk of subclinical mastitis.Regarding milk conductivity,the probiotic group demonstrated lower conductivity levels than the control group,indicating that probiotic preparations can alleviate the inflammatory burden on mammary glands and improve overall mammary gland health.[Conclusion] In conclusion,probiotic preparations can reduce the risk of mastitis by improving dairy cow health and reducing mammary gland inflammation,enhance milk quality,and increase lactation stability,demonstrating good potential for practical application and promotion.