铋硫化物（Bi2S3）沉淀作为乳制品领域新兴质量安全问题,表现为产品斜放静置后出现灰黑色沉淀物,严重损害产品感官品质与商业价值。本文系统探析Bi2S3沉淀的分子形成机制,追溯其在乳制品全产业链中的风险源头,深入剖析原料乳采集、加工工艺及终端存储等环节的关键控制点。在此基础上,构建涵盖原料溯源管理、加工参数优化、在线监测技术升级及法规标准完善的全链条风险管控框架。最后,指出当前研究在铋残留长期毒理学数据、复杂乳基质沉淀动力学模型及智能化实时监控技术等方面的不足,展望精准溯源、新型抑制剂开发及智能包装应用等未来研究方向,为乳品行业预防控制此类品质缺陷、保障产品质量安全提供科学依据。
Bismuth sulfide（Bi2S3）precipitation has emerged as a novel quality and safety concern in the dairy industry. It manifests as grayish-black precipitates when dairy products are stored in an inclined position,severely compromising the sensory quality and commercial value of the products. This study systematically investigated the molecular formation mechanism of Bi2S3 precipitation,traced its risk sources across the entire dairy industry chain,and conducted an in-depth analysis of key control points in raw milk collection,processing technologies and end-product storage. Based on these findings,a full-chain risk management framework was established,encompassing raw material traceability management,processing parameter optimization,online monitoring technology upgrading and regulatory standard improvement. Finally,the limitations of current research are identified, including the lack of long-term toxicological data on bismuth residues,the absence of precipitation kinetic models for complex milk matrices,and the underdevelopment of intelligent real-time monitoring technologies. Future research directions are proposed,such as precise traceability,development of novel inhibitors and the application of intelligent packaging. This study provides a scientific basis for the dairy industry to prevent and control such quality defects and ensure product quality and safety.
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