关键词: 粪污污染综合防治, 集约化奶牛养殖场, 评分标准, 技术模式

Abstract: China's dairy manure has large output,complex composition,low treatment efficiency and high pollution risk,so the comprehensive prevention and control efficiency of intensive farms manure pollution needs to be improved. Based on more than 3 000 large-scale intensive dairy farms in the main distribution areas of dairy farms in China,this paper has carried out the evaluation research on comprehensive control of manure pollution,determined the weight of the comprehensive evaluation index system of manure pollution,assigned the index,put forward the scoring standard,systematically trained and evaluated six "full chain" comprehensive control technology models of manure pollution,and proposed the best technology model for comprehensive control of manure pollution in large-scale intensive dairy farms according to local conditions. The results show that technical indicators have the highest weight in the index system,accounting for 59.36%,followed by economic indicators and environmental indicators. A total of 203 evaluation indexes were assigned to 15 evaluation indexes,forming a scoring standard;The model of "coproduction of dry manure and dry fermentation gas and fertilizer+biogas residue fertilizer applied in farmland" with anaerobic fermentation technology as the core is suitable for use in North China,and the model of "dry manure and manure applied in farmland with padding technology as the core" is suitable for use in Northwest China,while the model of "dry manure and compost+full amount returned to farmland for utilization" with fertilizer technology as the core is applicable in all three regions,which has the characteristics of wide application area and strong applicability for prevention and control of manure pollution. This study can provide reference for comprehensive prevention and control of manure pollution in intensive dairy farms.

Key words: comprehensive prevention and control of manure pollution, intensive dairy farms, grading standards, technical mode.