日粮添加蒲公英提取物对奶牛生长性能、泌乳性能及免疫指标的影响

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.25.05.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]分析日粮添加蒲公英提取物对奶牛生长性能、泌乳性能及免疫指标的影响。[方法]在单县某规模化奶牛场选择160 头体重、胎次相近奶牛作为为研究对象,采取随机数字表法分为4 组,各组5 个重复,每个重复8 头,分别是对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组在饲喂基础日粮基础上分别添加0.2%、0.4%和0.6%蒲公英提取物。试验期50 d,试验结束后分析各组生长性能、泌乳性能及免疫指标。[结果]低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组的奶牛日均采食量、日均增重均显著高于对照组（P< 0.05）,中剂量组奶牛料重比显著低于对照组（P< 0.05）;低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组奶牛产奶量、乳蛋白率、乳糖率指标显著高于对照组（P< 0.05）,体细胞数和乳尿素氮指标显著低于对照组（P< 0.05）;低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组奶牛IgM、IgG、IL-10含量显著高于对照组（P< 0.05）,TNF-α显著低于对照组（P< 0.05）。[结论]在本试验条件下,日粮添加0.4%蒲公英提取物为最佳剂量。日粮添加蒲公英提取物可促进奶牛生长,改善奶牛泌乳性能,增强机体免疫力,为奶牛养殖中天然添加剂的合理使用提供科学依据。

关键词: 蒲公英提取物, 奶牛, 生长性能, 泌乳性能, 免疫指标

Abstract: [Objective] To analyze the effects of dietary supplementation with dandelion extract on the growth performance,lactation performance and immune indicators of dairy cows. [Method] A total of 160 dairy cows with similar body weight and parity were selected as the research objects in a large-scale dairy farm in Shan County. They were randomly divided into 4 groups by the random number table method,with 5 replicates in each group and 8 cows in each replicate. They were the control group,the low-dose group,the medium-dose group and the high-dose group respectively. The control group was fed with the basal diet,while the low-dose group,medium-dose group and high-dose group were respectively supplemented with 0.2%,0.4% and 0.6% dandelion extract on the basis of feeding the basal diet. The experimental period was 50 days. After the experiment,the growth performance,lactation performance and immune indicators of each group were analyzed. [Result] The average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain of dairy cows in the low-dose group,medium-dose group and high-dose group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P< 0.05）,and the feed conversion ratio of dairy cows in the medium-dose group was significantly lower than that in the control group（P< 0.05）. The indicators of milk production、milk protein rate、lactose rate of dairy cows in the low-dose group,medium-dose group and high-dose group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P< 0.05）,while the indicators of somatic cell number and milk urea nitrogen were significantly lower than those in the control group（P< 0.05）. The contents of IgM,IgG and IL-10 in dairy cows in the low-dose group,medium-dose group and high-dose group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P< 0.05）,and TNF-α was significantly lower than that in the control group（P< 0.05）. [Conclusion] Under the conditions of this experiment, the optimal dosage of dandelion extract in the diet was determined to be 0.4%. Dietary supplementation with dandelion extract can promote the growth of dairy cows, improve lactation performance,and enhance immune function,providing a scientific basis for the rational use of natural additives in dairy farming.

Key words: dandelion extract, dairy cows, growth performance, lactation performance, mmune indicators

刘军. 日粮添加蒲公英提取物对奶牛生长性能、泌乳性能及免疫指标的影响[J]. 中国乳业, 2025, 0(5): 49-53.

LIU Jun. Effects of Dandelion Extract on Growth Performance,Lactation Performance and Immune Indicators of Dairy Cows[J]. China Dairy, 2025, 0(5): 49-53.

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