关键词: 奶牛, 同期发情（Ovsynch）, 繁殖效率, 定时配种（TAI）, 空怀期, 受胎率, 激素调控, 牧场管理, 数据监督

Abstract: Estrus synchronization technology in dairy cows is a core method for modern dairy farms to enhance reproductive efficiency and economic benefits. By employing hormonal regulation and precise management, this technology concentrates the estrous cycle of dairy cows within the "golden breeding period" of 50~80 days postpartum, effectively reducing days open, improving conception rates, and minimizing the risk of missed breeding. This paper systematically elaborated on the stratified implementation of estrus synchronization technology on dairy farms, including treatment strategies for different groups such as postpartum unbred cows, open cows, heifers, and adult cows. It also analyzed key influencing factors such as animal mixing, headlock utilization, effectiveness of drug administration, and estrus detection. Furthermore, a data supervision system centered on the "TAI proportion" is proposed to promote the transition from experience-based management to data-driven decision-making, providing practical guidance for improving reproductive management on dairy farms.

Key words: dairy cow, estrus synchronization, reproductive efficiency, timed artificial insemination（TAI）, days open, conception rate, hormonal regulation, dairy farm management, data supervision