基于培养法与16SrRNA测序的华北地区规模化牧场原料乳嗜冷菌多样性综合分析

doi:10.12377/1671-4393.26.02.14

中国乳业 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (2): 87-95.doi: 10.12377/1671-4393.26.02.14

基于培养法与16SrRNA测序的华北地区规模化牧场原料乳嗜冷菌多样性综合分析

杨波^1,3, 栗慧^1,2,3, 王青山³, 武二斌⁴, 魏东^1,2,3,*

1.河北北方学院河北省农产品食品质量安全分析检测重点实验室,河北张家口 075000;
2.河北北方学院张家口特色农产品质量安全重点实验室,河北张家口 075000;
3.河北北方学院农林科技学院,河北张家口 075000;
4.张家口市动物卫生监督所,河北张家口 075000

发布日期:2026-03-20
通讯作者: ^*魏东（1971-）,男,河北张家口人,博士,研究员,研究方向为药物残留检测。
作者简介:杨波（1987-）,男,河北石家庄人,在读硕士,研究方向为食品加工与安全;栗慧（1992-）,女,河北张家口人,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向为食品加工与安全;王青山（1982-）,男,河北石家庄人,在读硕士,研究方向为食品加工与安全;武二斌（1976-）,男,河北张家口人,本科,推广研究员,研究方向为畜禽标准化养殖技术。
基金资助:
河北省农产品食品质量安全分析检测重点实验室绩效补助经费项目（22567613H）; 河北省农业科技成果转化资金项目（2025JNZ-S22）

Comprehensive Analysis of the Diversity of Psychrotrophic Bacteria in Raw Milk of Large-scale Dairy Farms in North China Based on the Culture Method and 16S rRNA Sequencing

YANG Bo^1,3, LI Hui^1,2,3, WANG Qingshan³, WU Erbin⁴, WEI Dong^1,2,3,*

1. Hebei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products and Food Quality Safety Analysis and Testing,Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou Hebei 075000;
2. Zhangjiakou Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Characteristic Agricultural Products,Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou Hebei 075000;
3. College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology,Hebei North University,Zhangjiakou Hebei 075000;
4. Zhangjiakou Animal Health Supervision Institute,Zhangjiakou Hebei 075000

Published:2026-03-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]调查不同牧场、不同生产时间乳制品原料中嗜冷菌菌群结构组成和嗜冷微生物多样性。[方法]采集36 份华北地区规模化牧场原料乳样品,利用16S rRNA测序与传统分离培养的方法,探讨不同牧场在不同季节生产的原料乳中菌群结构的变化关系以及嗜冷菌的多样性。[结果]利用传统培养技术对36 份样品中的嗜冷菌进行分离和鉴定,共归类到23 个属和474 个种,其中假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、黄杆菌属、莱茵海默氏菌、嗜冷杆菌属及肠杆菌属在属水平的占比依次递减。嗜冷菌的浓度范围在1.71~3.78 lgCFU/mL之间,平均浓度为2.79 lgCFU/mL。36 份样品利用16S rRNA扩增子测序分析共注释到37 门、90 纲、214 目、358 科、740 属和12 301 种,微生物多样性丰度前十的优势属为不动杆菌、埃希氏菌属、代尔夫特食酸菌、产气单胞菌属、假单胞菌属、UCG-005菌属、链球菌属、普拉梭菌、棒杆菌属、黄杆菌属。[结论]嗜冷菌的浓度和微生物多样性在不同牧场、不同时间生产原料乳中嗜冷菌菌群结构组成和嗜冷微生物的多样性差异较大。本研究为华北地区原料乳中嗜冷菌微生物多样性的理论研究提供依据,为华北地区牧场制定差异化嗜冷菌防控策略提供了数据支持。

关键词: 嗜冷菌, 原料乳, 微生物多样性

Abstract: [Objective] To investigate the composition of psychrotrophic bacterial communities and the diversity of psychrotrophic microorganisms in dairy raw materials from different pastures and at different production times.[Method] 36 raw milk samples were collected from large-scale pastures in North China.To investigate the alterations in bacterial community composition and the variety of psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk from various pastures and seasons, researchers employed both 16SrRNA sequencing and conventional isolation and culture techniques.[Result] From the 36 samples,psychrotrophic bacteria were obtained and classified through conventional culturing techniques,identifying 474 species across 23 genera. At the genus level,the proportions were in the order of Pseudomonas,Acinetobacter,Flavobacterium,Rheinheimera,Psychrobacter,and Enterobacter. The concentration of psychrotrophic bacteria ranged from 1.71 to 3.78 lgCFU/mL,with an average concentration of 2.79 lgCFU/mL. Analysis of the 36 samples using 16SrRNA amplicon sequencing annotated a total of 37 phyla,90 classes,214 orders,358 families,740 genera and 12 301 species. The top 10 dominant genera in terms of microbial diversity abundance were Acinetobacter,Escherichia,Delftia acidovorans,Aeromonas,Pseudomonas,UCG-005,Streptococcus,Faecalibacterium,Corynebacterium and Flavobacterium.[Conclusion] Substantial variations were observed in the levels of psychrotrophic bacteria,the structure of psychrotrophic bacterial communities and the diversity of psychrotrophic microorganisms in raw milk sourced from various pastures and at various times. This research lays the groundwork for theoretical investigations into the microbial variety of psychrotrophic bacteria found in raw milk in Northern China and supplies data assistance for farms in the area to develop tailored strategies for managing and preventing psychrotrophic bacteria.

Key words: psychrotrophic bacteria, raw milk, microbial diversity

杨波, 栗慧, 王青山, 武二斌, 魏东. 基于培养法与16SrRNA测序的华北地区规模化牧场原料乳嗜冷菌多样性综合分析[J]. 中国乳业, 2026, 0(2): 87-95.

YANG Bo, LI Hui, WANG Qingshan, WU Erbin, WEI Dong. Comprehensive Analysis of the Diversity of Psychrotrophic Bacteria in Raw Milk of Large-scale Dairy Farms in North China Based on the Culture Method and 16S rRNA Sequencing[J]. China Dairy, 2026, 0(2): 87-95.

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基于培养法与16SrRNA测序的华北地区规模化牧场原料乳嗜冷菌多样性综合分析

Comprehensive Analysis of the Diversity of Psychrotrophic Bacteria in Raw Milk of Large-scale Dairy Farms in North China Based on the Culture Method and 16S rRNA Sequencing

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