中国乳业 ›› 2026, Vol. 0 ›› Issue (5): 135-142.doi: 10.12377/1671-4393.26.05.19

• 乳品加工 • 上一篇    下一篇

乳清蛋白在运动营养中的应用与趋势

韩晓东1, 吕嘉晋1, 邢忆凤2,3, 王鹏杰4, 杨续金2,3,*   

  1. 1.内蒙古农业大学生命科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010018;
    2.内蒙古农业大学食品科学与工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010018;
    3.内蒙古农业大学杨续金创新工作室,内蒙古呼和浩特 010018;
    4.中国农业大学营养与健康系,北京 100193
  • 出版日期:2026-05-25 发布日期:2026-06-18
  • 通讯作者: *杨续金（1975-）,男,内蒙古包头人,硕士,副教授,研究方向为乳品工程。
  • 作者简介:韩晓东（1985-）,男,内蒙古乌兰察布人,博士,副教授,研究方向为生物化学与分子生物学;吕嘉晋（2000-）,男,山西孝义人,在读硕士,研究方向为生物化学与分子生物学;邢忆凤（2001-）,女,山东威海人,在读硕士,研究方向为乳品工程;王鹏杰（1986-）,男,山东青岛人,博士,副教授,研究方向为乳品科学与技术。
  • 基金资助:
    呼和浩特市“揭榜挂帅”重大科技项目（2023-揭榜挂帅-农-2）; 内蒙古自治区科技创新引导项目（kcj1-202202）; 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目（2025YFHH0147）

Applications and Trends of Whey Protein in Sports Nutrition

HAN Xiaodong1, LYU Jiajin1, XING Yifeng2,3, WANG Pengjie4, YANG Xujin2,3,*   

  1. 1. College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010018;
    2. College of Food Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010018;
    3. Yang Xujin Innovation Studio, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010018;
    4. Department of Nutrition and Health,China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
  • Online:2026-05-25 Published:2026-06-18

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摘要： 乳清蛋白富含支链氨基酸及多种生物活性成分,具有快速消化吸收的代谢优势,是运动营养领域研究最为深入的蛋白质来源之一。本文系统综述了乳清蛋白在运动营养中的分子机制、临床应用及研究前沿。在机制层面,乳清蛋白通过激活mTOR信号通路驱动肌肉蛋白质合成,经色氨酸/5-羟色胺通路延缓中枢疲劳,并借助免疫球蛋白与乳铁蛋白的协同作用增强运动后免疫防御。在应用层面,现有临床证据表明乳清蛋白在抗阻训练增肌、耐力运动恢复、体重管理及免疫调节方面均具有显著效果。在研究前沿,乳清蛋白与胶原蛋白的复配策略、纳米靶向递送技术及基因多态性导向的个性化补充方案正受到广泛关注;膜分离与精密发酵工艺的进步则为其绿色可持续生产提供了新路径。随着多组学技术与人工智能的深度融合,乳清蛋白的应用正向基于个体基因型、代谢表型和训练负荷的精准营养方向转变。

关键词: 乳清蛋白, 运动营养, mTOR信号通路, 支链氨基酸, 个性化营养

Abstract: Whey protein, characterized by a high branched-chain amino acid content, rapid gastrointestinal absorption, and multiple bioactive components, represents one of the most extensively studied protein sources in sports nutrition. This review systematically examined the molecular mechanisms, clinical evidence, and emerging research directions of whey protein in the context of sports nutrition. At the mechanistic level, whey protein stimulates muscle protein synthesis primarily through activation of the mTOR signaling pathway, attenuates central fatigue via modulation of the tryptophan-serotonin axis, and reinforces post-exercise immune function through the concerted actions of immunoglobulins and lactoferrin. Clinically, accumulating evidence supports its efficacy in promoting resistance training-induced hypertrophy, accelerating endurance recovery, facilitating body composition management, and sustaining immune homeostasis during intensive training. Recent advances include co-formulation with collagen to simultaneously target myofibrillar and connective tissue protein synthesis, nano-encapsulation for enhanced bioavailability, and genotype-informed supplementation strategies based on polymorphisms such as ACTN3. Concurrently, membrane filtration and precision fermentation technologies are expanding the sustainable production of functional whey proteins. As multi-omics profiling and artificial intelligence converge with nutritional science, individualized whey protein protocols calibrated to genotype, metabolic phenotype, and training load are becoming increasingly feasible.

Key words: whey protein, sports nutrition, mTOR signaling pathway, branched-chain amino acid, personalized nutrition

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