奶绵羊产业是奶业的重要组成部分,是奶业中的小众特色产业。全球奶绵羊产业主要集中在地中海地区、中东地区和非洲部分国家。2019年全球奶绵羊数量为2.5 亿只,绵羊奶产量总计为1 058.79 万t,占总奶类产量的1.15%。全球的奶绵羊种质资源主要有东佛里生、拉考恩、阿瓦西等品种。中国发展奶绵羊产业,可形成我国羊产业的新业态,并丰富我国乳业品类结构,开发优质特色乳及其制品,实现羊产业的转型升级和提质增效,解决我国绵羊奶制品完全依赖进口的“卡脖子”问题,从而为乡村振兴、供给侧结构改革、消费升级以及健康中国等国家战略的实施贡献力量。
The dairy sheep industry is the main part of the dairy industry with its specific characteristics. The dairy sheep industry is mainly concentrated in Mediterranean area,East Asia and some parts of Africa. In 2019,the world dairy sheep stock was 250 million,the total production of sheep milk was 10.587 9 million tons, represents 1.15% of total milk production all over the world. The representative dairy sheep breed include East Friensian Dairy Sheep,Lacaune Dairy Sheep,Awassi Dairy Sheep and so on. The developing of dairy sheep industry in China can create the new sheep industry,enrich the structure of the milk variety category,develop milk products with unique feature and good quality,achieve the transformation and upgrading,improve the quality and benefits of traditional sheep industry. The development of Chinese dairy sheep industry can solve the bottleneck problem that the sheep milk products are completely dependent on importation. The dairy sheep industry can contribute to the implement of the strategy of rural vitalization,supply-side reform,consumption upgrade and healthy China.
[1] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Dairy Sheep[EB/OL],http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL,2021-8-30.
[2] Croisements entre les races ovines prÉalpes du sud et frisonne(ostfriesisches milchschaf). II.--Repoduction, ViabilitÉ, Croissance, Conformation[J]. Annales de zootechnie,1969, 18(2):131-149.
[3] Gootwine E,Goot H.Lamb and milk production of Awassi and East-Friesian sheep and their crosses under Mediterranean environment[J]. Small Ruminant Research,1996,20(3): 255-260.
[4] Thomas D L,Berger Y M,McKusick B C. Preliminary results:survival of high-percentage East Friesian lambs[C]. Burlington:proceedings of 5st Great Lakes Dairy Sheep Symposium,1999.
[5] Barillet F.Genetic improvement of dairy sheep in Europe[C]. Madison:proceedings of 1st Great Lakes Dairy Sheep Symp,1995.
[6] Barillet F,Marie C,Jacquin M,et al.The French Lacaune dairy sheep breed:use in France and abroad in the last 40 years[J]. Livestock Production Science,2001,71(1):17-29.
[7] Talafha A Q,Ababneh M M.Awassi sheep reproduction and milk production[J]. Tropical animal health and production,2011,43(7):1319-1326.
[8] Epstein H.The Awassi sheep,with special reference to the improved dairy type[J]. FAO Animal production and health paper,1985(57):87-90.
[9] Milán M J,Frendi F,González G R,et al.Cost structure and profitability of Assaf dairy sheep farms in Spain[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(8):5239-5249.
[10] Carcangiu V,Luridiana S,Pulinas L,et al.Improving dairy performance through molecular characterization of SREBP-1 gene in Sarda sheep breed[J]. Heliyon,2021,7(3):e06489.
[11] Gelasakis A I,Valergakis G E,Arsenos G,et al.Description and typology of intensive Chios dairy sheep farms in Greece[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2012,95(6):3070-3079.
[12] Ugarte E.The breeding program of Latxa breed[J]. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 2007,23(5-6-1):97-111.
[13] Margetín M,Oravcová M,Makovický P,et al.Milkability of improved Valachian,Tsigai and Lacaune purebred and crossbred ewes[J]. Slovak Journal of Animal Science,2013,46(3):100-109.
[14] Oravcova M,Krupa E.Pedigree analysis of the former Valachian sheep[J]. Slovak Journal of Animal Science,2011,44(1):6-12.
[15] Rivas J,García A,Toro M P,et al.Technical,social and commercial profile of the Manchega dairy sheep farms in South-Central Spain[J]. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias,2014, 5(3):291-306.
[16] Drozdz A.Improvement of the dairy performance of Polish Mountain sheep[J]. Biuletyn Informacyjny,1996,34(3):35-44.
