奶牛乳房炎是奶牛养殖业中的重要疾病,可降低产奶量和乳品质,增加治疗和预防成本,给牧场带来经济损失。病因多样,包括细菌、病毒和支原体等病原体均可引起传染性乳房炎。临床症状复杂,需要特定实验室方法进行准确诊断。奶牛乳房炎传统方法诊断准确性低,分子生物学检测发展前景大,基于微生物培养试剂盒和环介导等技术有望提高奶牛乳房炎诊断准确性和治疗精准度。治疗方面,抗生素类药物是常用的方法,但容易引起细菌耐药性和药物残留问题,需要开发新型药物用于奶牛乳房炎治疗。近年的研究显示,噬菌体有望作为替代品治疗奶牛乳房炎,部分植物及其衍生物具有抗菌作用,天然分泌因子如乳铁蛋白和磷脂酶A2也具有治疗潜力,但仍需深入研究。
关键词：
奶牛; 乳房炎; 诊断; 治疗; 研究进展
Mastitis is an important disease in the dairy industry that can reduce milk production and quality, increase treatment and prevention costs, and cause economic losses to farms. The disease has various causes, including infections by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and mycoplasma. Clinical symptoms are complex and require specific laboratory methods for accurate diagnosis. Traditional diagnostic methods for mastitis have low accuracy, while molecular biology testing shows great development prospects. Techniques such as microbial culture kits and loop-mediated isothermal amplification （LAMP） are expected to improve the accuracy of mastitis diagnosis and treatment precision. Antibiotics are commonly used for treatment, but they can easily cause bacterial resistance and drug residue problems. Therefore, new drugs are needed for mastitis treatment. Recent studies have shown that bacteriophages may be used as alternatives to treat mastitis, and some plants and their derivatives have antibacterial properties. Natural secretion factors such as lactoferrin and phospholipase A2 also have therapeutic potential, but further research is needed. This paper summarized the current research status of diagnostic and treatment methods for mastitis in dairy cows and provides references.
[1] 高瑞军. 奶牛乳房炎的治疗与预防[J]. 中国乳业, 2021(8):76-79.
[2] 孙艳, 周国燕, 伍天碧, 等. 我国奶牛乳房炎近期研究进展[J]. 中国乳业, 2022(4):43-51.
[3] Viora L, Graham E M, Mellor D J, et al.Evaluation of a culture-based pathogen identification kit for bacterial causes of bovine mastitis[J]. Veterinary Record, 2014,175(4):89.
[4] Ashraf A, Imran M.Diagnosis of bovine mastitis: from laboratory to farm[J]. Tropical animal health & production, 2018,50(6):1193-1202.
[5] Sayad A,Ibrahim F,Mukim U S,et al.A microdevice for rapid, monoplex and colorimetric detection of foodborne pathogens using a centrifugal microfluidic platform[J]. Biosens Bioelectron, 2018,100:96-104.
[6] O'Flaherty S, Coffey A, Meaney W J, et al. Inhibition of bacteriophage K proliferation on Staphylococcus aureus in raw bovine milk[J]. Letter Appllied Microbiology, 2005,41(3):274-279.
[7] Hoedemaker M,Korff B,Edler B,et al.Dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus infections during vaccination with an autogenous bacterin in dairy cattle[J]. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health,2001,48(5):373-383.
[8] Chen Y,Wang Y,Yang M,et al.Allicin inhibited Staphylococcus aureus -induced mastitis by reducing lipid raft stability via LxRalpha in Mice[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2019,67(39):10863-10870.
[9] Petitclerc D,Lauzon K,Cochu A, et al.Efficacy of a lactoferrin-penicillin combination to treat β-lactam-resistant Staphylococcus aureus mastitis[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2007,90(6):2778-2787.
[10] Seroussi E, Blum S E, Krifucks O, et al.Application of pancreatic phospholipase A2 for treatment of bovine mastitis[J]. PLoS One, 2018,13(8):e203132.
