[目的]分析不同水平酵母菌培养物添加,对奶山羊产奶性能及乳品质的影响。[方法]选择健康的、体重、产奶量、胎次（2~3）相近及泌乳期 90~120 d关中奶山羊60 只,随机分4 组。每组15 个重复,每只为一个重复组单栏饲养。 1 组（基础精料）,2 组（基础精料+5 g/kg酵母菌培养物）,3 组（基础精料+10 g/kg酵母菌培养物）,4 组（基础精料+20 g/kg酵母菌培养物）。预试验10 d,试验期60 d,试验期间测定产奶性能及乳品质。[结果]（1）试验2、3、4 组平均日干物质采食量高于1 组（P>0.05）;试验3、4 组平均日产奶量显著高于1 组（P<0.05）,奶料比显著低于1 组（P<0.05）。（2）试验2、3、4 组乳糖率、非脂固形物、总固形物率高于1 组（P>0.05）,试验3、4 组乳蛋白率、乳脂率显著高于1 组（P<0.05）。[结论]不同水平酵母菌培养物可改善关中奶山羊产奶性能、乳品质,以基础精料+10 g/kg酵母菌培养物添加较适宜,可在临床推广应用。
[Objective]To analyze the effect of different levels of yeast culture addition on milk performance and milk quality of dairy goats.[Method]In the experiment,60 healthy Guanzhong dairy goats with similar weight,milk yield,parity（2~3）and 90~120 d lactation period were randomly divided into 4 groups.Each group had 15 replicates.Each Guanzhong dairy goat was fed in a single column as a repeating group.The groups were Group 1（basic concentrate）,Group 2（basic concentrate+5 g/kg yeast culture）,Group 3（basic concentrate+10 g/kg yeast culture）,4 groups （basic concentrate+20 g/kg yeast culture）were precompacted for 10 days,and the test period was 60 days.During the test,the milk production performance and milk quality were measured.[Result]（1）The average daily dry matter intake of Guanzhong dairy goats in Group 2,Group 3 and Group 4 was higher than that in Group 1（P>0.05）,the average daily milk yield of Guanzhong dairy goats in Group 3 and Group 4 was significantly higher than that in Group 1（P<0.05）,and the milk feed ratio was significantly lower than that in Group 1（P<0.05）.（2）The rates of lactose,non-fat solids and total solids of Guanzhong dairy goats in Group 2,Group 3 and Group 4 were higher than that in Group 1（P>0.05）,while the rates of milk protein and milk fat of Guanzhong dairy goats in Group 3 and Group 4 were significantly higher than that in Group 1（P<0.05）.[Conclusion]Different levels of yeast culture can improve the milk production performance and milk quality of Guanzhong dairy goats.It is suitable to add basic concentrate+10 g/kg yeast culture,which can be popularized and applied in clinic.
[1] 王景林. 基于ZigBee的奶山羊运动数据采集系统设计与实现[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2022.
[2] 倪晓君,张玉梅,邵庆勇.我国南方家庭牧场肉用山羊养殖模式研究应用进展[J].中国草食动物科学,2021,41(3):62-65.
[3] 顾洁,肖喜东,徐立新.奶山羊养殖与其他养殖项目的比较优势[J].中国乳业,2021(3):31-34.
[4] 信珊珊,丁浩,杨阳,等.酵母菌发酵植物粕类饲料研究进展[J].中国饲料,2023(3):5-10.
[5] 姚志芳,冯宇哲,张晓卫,等.瘤胃酵母菌的筛选及应用研究进展[J].家畜生态学报,2020,41(7):7-12.
[6] 金晓琳,李奎,黄林,等.酵母培养物在动物生产中的研究与应用[J].饲料研究,2017,40(16):7-10,25.
[7] 张弦,章亭洲,瞿明仁.活性干酵母及酵母培养物在反刍动物中的研究进展与应用[J].动物营养学报,2022,34(1):20-29.
[8] 王文盼,张红艳,王亮,等.酵母培养物的营养功效及其在动物养殖中的应用进展[J].饲料研究, 2020,43(5):152-155.
[9] 赵鑫,姜文,吴有林,等.酵母培养物的营养价值及其在反刍动物生产中的研究进展[J].饲料研究,2022,45(20):147-151.
[10] 魏满红. 高产蛋白酶酵母菌的筛选鉴定及其发酵豆粕和棉粕效果的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2021.
[11] 窦晓利,范茂盛,刘琦.酵母培养物对黑山羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及肉品质的影响[J].饲料研究,2022,45(14):1-4.
[12] 李海滨,林英庭,朱风华,等.酵母培养物对崂山奶山羊产奶性能、养分表观消化率、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2022,34(7):4621-4629.
[13] 任建存,王芬,乔雨,等.酵母培养物对奶山羊干物质采食量和产奶性能的影响[J].中国饲料,2021(15):54-57.
[14] 饶时庭,覃建基,谢燕妮,等.酵母培养物在羊生产中应用的研究进展[J].广西农学报,2020,35(6):27-30.
[15] 张少泽. 活酵母和酵母培养物对奶牛生产性能的影响及其作用机理研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2021.
[16] 谢景龙,胡轶雄,吴川川,等.日粮补喂不同酵母培养物对荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能及饲料消化率的影响[J].饲料研究,2020,43(6):12-14.
[17] 李会玲,李德娴,杨帆,等.不同干草比对关中奶山羊瘤胃参数和产奶量及乳成分的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2022,50(12):18-24.
[18] 朱晋佳,龚龑,彭锦芬,等.添加酵母菌对奶牛血液生化、免疫力及生产性能的影响[J].激光生物学报,2020,29(5):424-432.
