奶牛常见的二类疫病有3 种,为牛结节性皮肤病、牛传染性鼻气管炎和牛结核病。本文通过分析这3 种疫病的病原特点、临床症状、诊断方法,分析流行趋势,探讨防控新策略,为有效控制、净化和根除提供参考。牛结节性皮肤病主要流行于虫媒活跃的夏秋季节,以皮肤上出现硬而凸起的结节为临床症状,以加强饲养管理,适当免疫接种为主要防控策略;牛传染性鼻气管炎20~60 日龄犊牛易感性高,临床表现呼吸道型、生殖道型、角膜结膜型、肠炎型等多种类型且常同时存在,以免疫、检测,扑杀阳性牛等为根除措施;牛结核病以组织器官结节性肉芽肿、干酪样及钙化坏死病灶为特征的慢性消耗性畜间人兽共患病,以肺结核、淋巴结核、乳房结核、肠结核等多见,采取监测净化、检疫监管、无害化处理等综合防控措施。

There are three common Class II diseases in cows,which are lumpy skin disease（LSD）,infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis（IBR）and bovine tuberculosis(BTB). This paper analyzes the pathogenic characteristics, clinical symptoms and diagnostic methods of these three diseases,analyzes the epidemic trend, and discusses the new prevention and control strategies,so as to provide reference for effective control,purification and eradication. LSD is mainly prevalent in the summer and autumn seasons when insect vectors are active. The clinical symptoms are the appearance of hard and protruding nodules on the skin. Strengthening feeding management and appropriate immunization are the main prevention and control strategies;IBR is highly susceptible in calves aged 20-60 days,with clinical manifestations of respiratory,reproductive,corneal and conjunctival,enteritis,and other types often coexisting. Immunization,testing,and culling of positive cattle are measures to eradicate it;BTB is a chronic consumptive zoonotic disease characterized by nodular granuloma,caseous and calcified necrotic lesions of tissues and organs. It is common in pulmonary tuberculosis,lymphoid tuberculosis,breast tuberculosis,intestinal tuberculosis. Comprehensive prevention and control measures must be taken, such as monitoring and purification,quarantine supervision,harmless treatment.