关键词: 奶牛, 胚胎移植, 应用, 前景

Abstract: The embryo transfer program has increased genetic improvement and shortened generation spacing. Therefore, embryo transfer,as a favorable technology,can help achieve genetic progress and increase the number of valuable breeders in a short period of time. The technology of bovine embryo transfer involves the selection and management of donor and recipient animals,as well as the collection and transfer of embryos. The main goal of using embryo transfer in cattle is to improve the reproductive rate of valuable females. Therefore,the number of offspring of valuable females increases to at least five times higher than normal. The stages of in vivo embryo production include the selection of donor and recipient animals, synchronization of the estrous cycle of the selected donor and recipient,induction of superovulation and subsequent donor insemination,collection （through uterine flushing）, evaluation and transfer of embryos. The success and economy of the bovine embryo transfer program depend on several factors. The use of high-quality semen and a high proportion of normal motor cells is a crucial step in any embryo transfer plan. The transferred object must be a recipient in the same cycle as the donor. The recipient must have proven reproductive ability,no congenital or infectious diseases,in order to achieve a high fertility rate,and have a robust body shape to avoid difficult childbirth problems. At present,embryo transfer has been widely used in genetic improvement,breeding and conservation of livestock,disease control,genetic engineering research,and other fields. With the development of technology,embryo transfer will undoubtedly play a more valuable role in practical production.

Key words: cows, embryo transfer, application, prospect